世界大海洋生态系研究及其国际计划

本文讨论了大海洋生态系概念和内涵的变化,介绍了全球主要大海洋生态系的分布,展示目前正在开展的大海洋生态系研究计划,重点介绍了黄海大海洋生态系的特征及其研究计划的最新动态。     

Interpretation of pumping test data from large diameter wells on an oceanic island

 Estimation of aquifer parameters is vital for the assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater flow regime. On an oceanic island where fresh water lens is fragile and sensitive to various stresses, it is even more essential that in order to assess the potential of fresh water lens and the effect of various stresses on the fresh groundwater regime the parameters should be representative to the field hydrogeological set up. Pumping tests conducted on existing large diameter wells on an oceanic island have been analyzed. A finite difference method has been used to take into account the well storage, partial penetration and upconing effect into the aquifer. Forward modeling has been carried out to estimate aquifer parameters from the pumping test data. Field examples are described. Received: 15 June 1998 · Accepted: 25 August 1998     

时滞区间大系统鲁棒稳定性分析的遗传算法实现

研究了时滞区间大系统的鲁棒稳定性分析问题 ,给出了相应的理论结果。并应用遗传算法 ,给出了相应的实现算法和数值仿真结果     

大黄鱼溶藻弧菌病细胞病理变化的初步研究

对患有典型弧菌病症状的养殖大黄鱼（Pseudociaena crocea)的主要组织进行了细胞病理研究,结果显示,患病鱼的肝、肾、脾等组织细胞均出现程度不同的坏死现象,严重时整个细胞呈溶解状态。在此基础上对该病的致病机理和致死原因进行了探讨。     

High spectral resolution UV to near-IR observations of Mars using HST/STIS

We acquired high spectral and spatial resolution hyperspectral imaging spectrometer observations of Mars from near-UV to near-IR wavelengths (∼300 to 1020 nm) using the STIS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope during the 1999, 2001, and 2003 oppositions. The data sets have been calibrated to radiance factor (I/F) and map-projected for comparison to each other and to other Mars remote sensing measurements. We searched for and (where detected) mapped a variety of iron-bearing mineral signatures within the data. The strong and smooth increase in I/F from the near-UV to the visible that gives Mars its distinctive reddish color indicates that poorly crystalline ferric oxides dominate the spectral properties of the high albedo regions (as well as many intermediate and low albedo regions), a result consistent with previous remote sensing studies of Mars at these wavelengths. In the near-IR, low albedo regions with a negative spectral slope and/or a distinctive ∼900 nm absorption feature are consistent with, but not unique indicators of, the presence of high-Ca pyroxene or possibly olivine. Mixed ferric-ferrous minerals could also be responsible for the ∼900 nm feature, especially in higher albedo regions with a stronger visible spectral slope. We searched for the presence of several known diagnostic absorption features from the hydrated ferric sulfate mineral jarosite, but did not find any unique evidence for its occurrence at the spatial scale of our observations. We identified a UV contrast reversal in some dark region spectra: at wavelengths shorter than about 340 nm these regions are actually brighter than classical bright regions. This contrast reversal may be indicative of extremely “clean” low albedo surfaces having very little ferric dust contamination. Ratios between the same regions observed during the planet-encircling dust storm of 2001 and during much clearer atmospheric conditions in 2003 provide a good direct estimate of the UV to visible spectral characteristics of airborne dust aerosols. These HST observations can help support the calibration of current and future Mars orbital UV to near-IR spectrometers, and they also provide a dramatic demonstration that even at the highest spatial resolution possible to achieve from the Earth, spectral variations on Mars at these wavelengths are subtle at best.     

Premières mesures françaises de gravimétrie absolue dans les régions polaires Antarctique (terre Adélie) et Arctique (Spitzberg)First French measurements of absolute gravity in the Antarctic (Terre Adélie) and Arctic (Spitsbergen) polar regions

This study is devoted to the first French determinations of absolute gravity in the Antarctic (Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adélie) and Arctic (Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen) polar regions. The measurements in Dumont-d'Urville were performed in 2000 with the help of the FG5#206 absolute gravimeter belonging to the French geodetic community since beginning 1997; they show a strong noise that causes an uncertainty close to 11 μGal in the determination of the mean gravity value, which will be compared, to a new determination planned for 2005. The Ny-Alesund measurements show on the contrary a noise that, although very variable in time, leads to a gravity determination of better than 5 μGal. The comparison of our value with a previous one two years before suggests a gravity decrease of about 4 μGal which is related to the vertical uplift measured by Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at the same site. However, the uncertainty does not allow discriminating between height-to-gravity conversion factors originating from different models. To cite this article: J. Hinderer et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 819–826.     

云南莫霍面形状与大型矿床空间关系探讨

以32个大型金属矿床为例，探讨其与莫霍面形态，空间关系及其相关的问题，应用的莫霍面图可靠程度较高，莫霍面形态复杂，地幔坳陷分坳陷带和坳陷区两大类，大小不一，统计显示，大型矿床平均分布于规模较大的幔坳中心两侧22km范围内，其原因可能有三：一是界面金属原子的能量比内部要大得多，它的活动性增强，有利于成矿作用的进行，二是边缘成矿效应，三是坳陷两侧往往被超壳断裂切穿，成为矿液上升的通道和赋矿场所，提出云县－勐海、兰坪东支杆－三山及宾川小龙潭三个预测区，认为思茅以东 江以北及昆明－石屏等幔坳带两侧，均是寻找大型矿床的有利区带。     

利用多手段异常项次预报我国大震的模糊聚类方法

选用我国大陆１９６９－１９９１年发生的１１次Ｍｓ≥６．９地震作为样本，取地球物理、地球化学、地形变和地震活动性方面共计１２项手段的资料为判定指标，编制了模糊聚类计算机程序用以预报未来３个月、６个月和１２个月内发生大震的概率，并给出一个预报实例。     

某滑坡的应急防治

对于大型滑坡，弄清其复活变形机制，消除或削弱不利于稳定的主要因素，充分利用其自身的抗滑能力进行分期整治，具有重要意义。分析了某滑坡应急防治的背景和工程概况及效果，实践证明，分期整治大型滑坡这是一种有益的尝试