卫星散射计与海面平台所测的风场数据比较

基于南海北部海面PY30-1石油平台气象站测风仪2011年7月19日—2012年9月17日实测的风场数据,分别开展了对卫星搭载的ASCAT和HY-2散射计所测风场数据的比较研究,分析散射计的测风能力(选取的时空窗口为30 min和25 km)。结果表明:在南海北部海域,ASCAT 散射计所测风速和PY30-1石油平台气象站观测风速的均方根误差为2.53 m/s,风向偏差较大,均方根误差为47.87°;HY-2散射计所测风速和PY30-1石油平台气象站观测风速的均方根误差为3.41 m/s,风向的均方根误差为58.66°。分别按低、中和高风速的不同条件将ASCAT和HY-2散射计所测的风场数据与PY30-1石油平台气象站观测的风场数据加以比较可知,ASCAT和HY-2散射计都具有较好的测风能力, 前者所测风速与PY30-1石油平台气象站测风仪观测风速的均方根误差稍小于后者。在150 min和15 km的时空窗口下,ASCAT与HY-2散射计所测风速的均方根误差为0.72 m/s,风向的均方根误差为8.50°。     

Modelling the bulk flow of a bedrock‐constrained,multi‐channel reach of the Mekong River,Siphandone, southern Laos

The general nature of bulk flow within bedrock single‐channel reaches has been considered by several studies recently. However, the flow structure of a bedrock‐constrained, large river with a multiple channel network has not been investigated previously. The multiple channel network of the Siphandone wetlands in Laos, a section of the Mekong River, was modelled using a steady one‐dimensional hydraulic model. The river network is characterized by a spatially‐varying channel‐form leading to significant changes in the bulk flow properties between and along the channels. The challenge to model the bulk flow in such a remote region was the lack of ideal boundary conditions. The flow models considered both low flow, high inbank and overbank flows and were calibrated using SPOT satellite sensor imagery and limited field data concerning water levels. The application of the model highlighted flow characteristics of a large multi‐channel network and also further indicated the field data that would be required to properly characterize the flow field empirically. Important results included the observation that adjacent channels within the network had different water surface slopes for the same moments in time; thus calibration data for modelling similar systems needs to account for these significant local differences. Further, the in‐channel hydraulic roughness coefficient strongly varied from one cross‐section to the next (Manning's ‘n’ range: 0·01 to 0·10). These differences were amplified during low flow but persisted in muted form during high discharges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广东信宜1、2号井水温的同震响应及机理初步探讨

介绍了信宜1、2号井水文地质环境,总结了近年来两井水温的同震响应现象,并对其机理进行了初步的探讨。认为两口井的同震响应虽然形态不一致,但机理是相近的,主要是由于地震波的扰动,随着振动效应的作用,加大了不同含水层间的垂直运动速率,而产生水温上升或下降现象,震后一段时间随着混合通道的闭合或运动速率的恢复,2号井的水温逐渐恢复到原有的水平上。     

Sediments Quality Assessment of Jacarepaguá Lagoon: The Venue of the 2011 Rock in Rio

In order to aid in the efforts of the 2016 Olympic Games, the organizers of 2011 Rock in Rio decided to build a permanent venue next to the Olympic Park. The area is problematic from the geotechnical point of view since it presents soils with low shear strength, low permeability, and high plasticity, so major soil improvement works were carried out. Bored soil–cement columns were placed to increase soil shear strength and reduce compressibility. A meter thick fill composed of gneiss residual soil was placed and trenches were digged to drain rainwater. However, earlier studies conducted on Jacarepaguá Lagoon have detected the presence of heavy metals in these sediments. In this study, an environmental survey on the Jacarepaguá Lagoon sediments took place in order to choose a place where its sediments could be dredged to be later used in the drainage facilities. The results indicated areas where the threshold level 1 (low probability of adverse effects) issued by the general procedures for sediments quality assessments for dredging purposes, Resolution no 344 of the Brazilian Federal Government, was surpassed. Levels above the limits established for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were detected. Based on this consideration the State Environmental Agency issued a permit allowing the organizers of 2011 Rock in Rio to dredge an area close to City of Rock in order to obtain coarse sediments for the drainage facilities. In addition, it was found that those sediments were ideal for this application since their hydraulic conductivity is on the order of 10^?2 cm/s.     

辽东湾北部近海大型水母数量分布和温度盐度特征

通过2009-2011年5月下旬-7月下旬辽东湾北部近海10m等深线内的大型水母调查数据,分析了辽东湾北部近海近三年中大型水母资源状况,并探讨了辽东湾大型水母的生态类型。结果显示:辽东湾北部近海大型水母种类主要有海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)、沙蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)、白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)、海月水母(Aurelia sp.1),海蜇和沙蜇是优势种。海蜇幼水母阶段主要集中分布在5m等深线以内的近岸河口水域,随着个体增大有略向深水或密度较小的水域扩散的趋势,仍主要分布在5m等深线两侧水域,属于高温低盐种类。6月份调查海区中发现大量的沙蜇幼水母,随着沙蜇个体增大,7月份调查海区中沙蜇数量大幅度减少。辽东湾海月水母在南部海域出现较多,2010、2011年在北部近海部分海域出现。白色霞水母近几年来辽东湾出现较少,栖息在盐度较高的水域。辽东湾各种大型水母中,沙蜇的生长速度最快。辽东湾海蜇幼水母、沙蜇幼水母的海区出现时间要晚于黄、东海。     

水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)捕食率的影响

海月水母在全球范围内大量暴发,严重危害海洋生态系统的健康以及鱼类资源的可持续利用。本文以卤虫无节幼体为饵料,初步研究了水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母个体捕食率的影响以及海月水母的昼夜捕食节律。研究结果表明,海月水母的伞径对其捕食率的影响极显著(P<0.01),在1—8cm范围内,随着伞径的增加个体捕食率线性增加,两者之间的关系式为y=0.044x+0.125(R2=0.9036)。饵料密度对海月水母捕食率的影响显著(P<0.05),在0.25—26.11mgC/L范围内,随饵料密度的增加个体捕食率呈线性增加趋势,关系式为y=0.508x(R2=0.958)。在饵料充足时,海月水母没有昼夜捕食节律。在高饵料密度下海月水母出现过剩捕食,但是捕食行为依然活跃。上述结果既为量化评估海月水母对浮游动物群体的捕食压力提供了基础参数,同时水母过剩捕食行为说明依据生物量和代谢率的推算结果可能低估自然海域水母队浮游动物的捕食压力。     

海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)摄食的研究

采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。     

象山港养殖大黄鱼寄生新贝尼登虫成虫形态学和28S rDNA,ITS1分子鉴定

贝尼登类单殖吸虫是象山港海水养殖鱼类中一类危害严重的寄生虫。应用PCR扩增及DNA序列分析的分子生物学手段,并结合对成虫的形态学分析,对象山港养殖大黄鱼体表寄生的贝尼登类单殖吸虫(记作XSp)进行了种类鉴定,结果表明XSp从形态特征上属于新贝尼登虫属,与梅氏新贝尼登虫高度相似。扩增得到XSp的28S rDNA和ITS1序列长度分别为393和427 bp,与梅氏新贝尼登虫和鱾新贝尼登虫的5个28S rDNA 序列、2个ITS1序列的比对分析显示相似性除1个为97.4%外其余均大于99%,提示XSp与这几个鱾新贝尼登虫和梅氏新贝尼登虫为种内关系,而XSp与贝尼登虫的3个28S rDNA 和1个ITS1序列相似性分别为84.3%~89.5%和60.2%。系统进化树显示该吸虫与梅氏新贝尼登虫和鱾新贝尼登虫形成一个紧密的簇,而与贝尼登虫亲缘关系较远。根据普通生物学和序列特征分析,将XSp定种为梅氏新贝尼登虫,并且支持Whittington和Horton (1996)提出的梅氏新贝尼登虫和鱾新贝尼登虫为同种异名的分类观点。     

近海水体悬浮物HJ-1 号小卫星CCD 定量反演研究

基于H J-1号小卫星CCD数据,开展近海水体悬浮物含量监测研究.采用邻近清洁水体和同日MODIS气溶胶产品的方法对CCD辐亮度数据进行较精准的大气校正;利用得到的水体遥感反射率,结合地面准同步实测悬浮物含量数据建立悬浮物反演模型,获得研究区悬浮物的空间分布.模型的相关系数R2为0.849,平均误差为33.0％,反演结果较为理想.结果表明,HJ-1号小卫星作为中国首个灾害监测小卫星星座,能够实现定量反演近海水体的悬浮物含量,对中国近海水体水质的监测和治理具有重要意义.     

海湾扇贝与紫扇贝生殖隔离研究

对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)和秘鲁紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)进行了跨种间的杂交尝试,结果显示两个物种之间正向和反向均可受精和正常发育,没有发现合子前隔离,并且通过internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1)标记验证了杂交的成功.至杂交子一代性成熟时通过对杂合子成熟性腺进行H.E.染色石蜡切片观察发现,雄性性腺明显退化且不能产生有活力的精子,雌性性腺发达且能形成外观正常卵子,但是却不能与亲本进行回交,即表现为典型的合子后隔离:杂种不育.