From ERS-1/2 to Sentinel-1: two decades of subsidence monitored through A-DInSAR techniques in the Ravenna area (Italy)

Land subsidence due to underground resources exploitation is a well-known problem that affects many cities in the world, especially the ones located along the coastal areas where the combined effect of subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. In this study, 25 years of land subsidence affecting the Municipality of Ravenna (Italy) are monitored using Advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-DInSAR) techniques. In particular, the exploitation of the new Sentinel-1A SAR data allowed us to extend the monitoring period till 2016, giving a better understanding of the temporal evolution of the phenomenon in the area. Two statistical approaches are applied to fully exploit the informative potential of the A-DInSAR results in a fast and systematic way. Thanks to the applied analyses, we described the behavior of the subsidence during the monitored period along with the relationship between the occurrence of the displacement and its main driving factors.     

结合被动微波和光学遥感的“超级寒潮”广东 地表温度特征及其对马铃薯生长的影响

利用被动微波可穿透云层的优势,基于GCOM-W1/AMSR2（Global Change Observation Mission-Water/ Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2）星载被动微波传感器的多通道亮度温度数据,反演了2016年1月下旬“超级寒潮”过程的广东省每日地表温度,分析了寒潮过程中广东省地表温度的时空变化特征。结果表明：在寒潮前后,广东省地表温度呈现出明显的先下降而后上升的趋势,寒潮过程带来的地表最低温度在广东北部大部分地区达到了277 K（4℃）,西南大部分地区为280~282 K（7~9℃）,其余大部分地区278~279 K（5~6℃）;降温幅度在广东南部地区达到了8~12 K（8~12℃）,北部大部分地区为5~7 K（5~7℃）。此外,利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）对植被生长的指示作用,基于HJ-1 A/B卫星的CCD传感器的多通道反射率数据,计算了近3年冬季广东省典型马铃薯种植区域马铃薯叶片的NDVI值,结果表明：马铃薯叶片的NDVI值在此次寒潮过程后出现了明显的下降,大部分地区（55.4%）马铃薯NDVI降低了0.1~0.2,部分地区（17.2%）马铃薯NDVI下降了0.2~0.3;进一步对比此次“超级寒潮”后同时段的前2年数据,发现寒潮后马铃薯叶片NDVI相对于正常年份也低了0.2,表明马铃薯叶片NDVI下降的主要原因是寒潮带来的低温,而不只是马铃薯的正常老化现象。NDVI的降低表明大部分地区马铃薯生长受到了抑制,马铃薯生长状况的这一变化也通过现场调查得到了证实。     

Surface-deformation monitoring in the permafrost regions over the Tibetan Plateau,using Sentinel-1 data

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage.     

Why Was the Strengthening of Rainfall in Summer over the Yangtze River Valley in 2016 Less Pronounced than that in 1998 under Similar Preceding El Niño Events?——Role of Midlatitude Circulation in August

It is widely recognized that rainfall over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) strengthens considerably during the decaying summer of El Niño, as demonstrated by the catastrophic flooding suffered in the summer of 1998. Nevertheless, the rainfall over the YRV in the summer of 2016 was much weaker than that in 1998, despite the intensity of the 2016 El Niño having been as strong as that in 1998. A thorough comparison of the YRV summer rainfall anomaly between 2016 and 1998 suggests that the difference was caused by the sub-seasonal variation in the YRV rainfall anomaly between these two years, principally in August. The precipitation anomaly was negative in August 2016——different to the positive anomaly of 1998. Further analysis suggests that the weaker YRV rainfall in August 2016 could be attributable to the distinct circulation anomalies over the midlatitudes. The intensified "Silk Road Pattern" and upper-tropospheric geopotential height over the Urals region, both at their strongest since 1980, resulted in an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over midlatitude East Asia with anomalous easterly flow over the middle-to-lower reaches of the YRV in the lower troposphere. This easterly flow reduced the climatological wind, weakened the water vapor transport, and induced the weaker YRV rainfall in August 2016, as compared to that in 1998. Given the unique sub-seasonal variation of the YRV rainfall in summer 2016, more attention should be paid to midlatitude circulation——besides the signal in the tropics——to further our understanding of the predictability and variation of YRV summer rainfall.     

面向地震应急准备的居民地遥感提取及量化分析

运用灰度共生矩阵、数学形态学等方法提取新疆新源地区高分一号2 m分辨率影像居民地信息,运用目视解译、影像叠加分析、缓冲区分析等方法,进行居民地量化分级,为地震应急准备提供数据支持。结果表明：研究区在地震烈度为Ⅷ度及以下区域,埋压主要集中在单层结构为主的建筑区;当地震烈度高于Ⅷ度且造成多层建筑大面积倒塌时,县城等人口密集区为首要救援区;在地震应急准备时,应对交通条件三等区和交通条件四等区重点关注,增加应急物资储备点,对山区居民地,应考虑道路毁坏情况,转换救援方式,做好应急预案。     

南极青霉菌Penicillium sp.S-1-16摇瓶发酵条件的初步优化

对一株具有细胞毒活性的南极青霉属真菌Penicillium sp.S-1-16进行发酵条件的初步优化。通过对基础发酵培养基、发酵温度及培养基配制用水的筛选,以次级代谢产物量为主要指标,同时参考生物量及细胞毒活性指标来进行初步优化,获得一个较优的摇瓶发酵条件:酵母提取粉0.3%,蛋白胨0.5%,麦芽糖0.3%,葡萄糖1%,蔗糖5%,自来水,初始p H=7.0,接种量15%,18℃,180 r·min-1发酵15 d。采用初步优化后的条件进行发酵,与初始发酵条件相比,其次级代谢产物量提高到568.75%,对A549肿瘤细胞的抑制作用增强至265%,并且对He La肿瘤细胞和SGC-7901肿瘤细胞的抑制率分别从0提高到48.19%和69.18%,效果显著,为获得菌株中活性次级代谢产物奠定了基础。