南海典型海区浮游植物吸收光谱特征及遥感反演产品的精度评估

基于遥感手段准确估算浮游植物吸收系数a_ph(l), 可为长时间、大尺度范围识别浮游植物功能种群提供有力的数据和方法支撑。利用2003至2012年获取自南海、琼东、广东近岸和珠江口各典型海区的实测a_ph(l)数据, 对比分析表层光谱特征, 初步判断浮游植物种群结构差异; 基于MODIS-Aqua二级遥感反射率产品, 分别采用经验算法PL和半分析算法QAA对a_ph(l)遥感产品进行精度评估。结果表明, 以南海、琼东为代表的清洁海域和以广东沿岸、珠江口为代表的浑浊海域表层a_ph(l)光谱差异明显; a_ph(l)在清洁海域量值较小但在颗粒物吸收中居于主导, 而在浑浊海域并不占优; 浮游植物单位吸收系数a_ph^*(l)存在明显的空间差异, 色素打包效应以及色素组成是造成差异的可能原因。经验算法PL较之于半分析算法QAA反演得到的a_ph(l)(l=412, 443, 490)遥感产品精度更高, 平均相对误差APD小于22%; 采用区域优化算法NOCI获得的Chl-a产品作为输入参数, 算法PL所得的a_ph(l)遥感产品APD不超过14%。结果表明, 基于水色遥感产品进行a_ph(l)遥感产品精度评估和探讨不同海区浮游植物功能种群具有较强应用前景。     

无粘性土中桩基水平非线性地基反力系数研究

非线性地基反力系数法是分析近海桩基水平大变形性状的有效途径。针对我国近海广泛分布的粉土和砂土地基,建立了无粘性土中桩基非线性地基反力系数与桩基径向土压力之间的关系,据此基于物理模型试验和现场试验结果获得了粉土和砂土地基反力系数与桩径和桩身变位之间的非线性关系,为桩基水平受力大变形分析提供了简单有效的方法,适用于不同直径桩基的计算,得到了桩基物理模型试验和现场试验结果的验证。     

Experimental study on the performance of the multiple-layer breakwater

Based on the idea of disturbing the water motion in the upright direction, a new kind of multiple-layer breakwater is proposed in this article, which mainly consists of several horizontal plates. The breakwater's performance of dissipating waves has been investigated in detail in the regular wave tests. The factors identified with the characteristics of the breakwater are discussed, such as the relative width, the wave steepness and the models geometrical parameters (the width and the gap). The comparison and analysis of the transmission and reflection coefficients with respect to different factors are presented. The model test results indicate that the multiple-layer breakwater has the good characteristic of dissipating waves. Further more, only in a little extent can it reflect the waves. The multiple-layer breakwater proposed in the paper is very significative to promote the open type breakwater to be the permanent wave attenuator in the application.     

太湖秋季水体体散射和散射相函数特征

利用Fournier and Forand(FF)体散射函数近似计算方法模拟太湖水体的体散射函数以及散射相函数,进而分析太湖水体体散射函数和散射相函数的特性,以及与波段、深度之间的变化关系,空间分布差异。研究表明,太湖水体体散射函数表现为具有极强前向散射特性的大颗粒物散射特征,体散射函数随波段变化的差异性主要体现在后向方向上,散射相函数的变化规律与体散射函数较为相似;而随着深度的变化体散射函数几乎没有变化,但散射相函数表现出了较为明显的层状特征;体散射函数和散射相函数在空间上表现出了较大的差异性,这种差异性随着散射角的增大而不断地加强。     

Properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the Southern Sea of Okhotsk

The general properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the southern Sea of Okhotsk were examined during early February of 2003 to 2005 with the P/V “Soya”. Thin section analysis of crystal structure revealed that frazil ice (48% of total core length) was more prevalent than columnar ice (39%) and that stratigraphic layering was prominent with a mean layer thickness of 12 cm, indicating that dynamic processes are essential to ice growth. The mean thickness of ice blocks and visual observations suggest that ridging dominates the deformation process above thicknesses of 30 to 40 cm. As for snow, it was found that faceted crystals and depth hoar are dominant (78%), as which is also common in the Antarctic sea ice, and is indicative of the strong vertical temperature gradients within the snow. Stable isotope measurements (δ¹⁸O) indicate that snow ice occupies 9% of total core length and that the mass fraction of meteoric ice accounts for 1 to 2% of total ice volume, which is lower than the Antarctic sea ice. Associated with this, the effective fractionation coefficient during the freezing of seawater was also derived. Snow ice was characterized by lower density, higher salinity, and nearly twice the gas content of ice of seawater origin. In addition, it is shown that the surface brine volume fraction and freeboard are well correlated with ice thickness, indicating some promise for remote sensing approaches to the estimation of ice thickness.     

Spatial variability of phytoplankton absorption coefficients and pigments off Baja California during November 2002

We have estimated the spatial variability of phytoplankton specific absorption coefficients (a* _ph ) in the water column of the California Current System during November 2002, taking into account the variability in pigment composition and phytoplankton community structure and size. Oligotrophic conditions (surface Chl < 0.2 mg m⁻³) dominated offshore, while mesotrophic conditions (surface Chl 0.2 to 2.0 mg m⁻³) where found inshore. The specific absorption coefficient at 440 [a* _ph (440)] ranged from 0.025–0.281 m²mg⁻¹ while at 675 nm [a* _ph (675)] it varied between 0.014 and 0.087 m²mg⁻¹. The implementation of a size index based on HPLC data showed the community structure was dominated by picoplankton. This would reduce the package effect in the variability of a* _ph (675). Normalized a _ph curves were classified in two groups according to their shape, separating all spectra with peaks between 440 and 550 nm as the second group. Most samples in the first group were from surface layers, while the second group were from the deep chlorophyll maximum or deeper. Accessory photoprotective pigments (APP) tended to decrease with depth and accessory photosynthetic pigments (APS) to increase, indicating the importance of photoprotective mechanisms in surface layers and adaptation to low light at depth. Samples with higher ratios of APP:APS (>0.4) were considered as phytoplankton adapted to high irradiances, and lower ratios (<0.26) as adapted to low irradiances. We found a good relationship between APP:APS and a* _ph (440) for the deeper layer (DCM and below), but no clear evidence of the factors causing the variability of a* _ph (440) in the upper layer.     

多时滞系统的不稳定性

利用比较原理结合向量Lyapunov函数研究一类多滞后线性时变系统的不稳定性,并在此基础上进一步研究一类多滞后非线性系统及多滞后区间系数系统的不稳定性,给出相关定理,丰富已有文献的相应结果。     

具非线性扩散系数的中立抛物型方程的振动结果

研究一类具非线性扩散系数的中立抛物型方程的振动性,利用Green定理和时滞微分不等式,获得了该类方程在Robin边值条件下所有解振动的若干充分性判据。结论充分表明振动是由时滞量引起的。     

Influence of wavelength on the parameterization of drag coefficient and surface roughness

Surface waves are the roughness element of the ocean surface, the air-sea interaction processes are influenced by the wave conditions. The dynamic influence of surface waves decays exponentially with distance from the air-water interface. The relevant length scale characterizing the decay rate is the wavelength. The parameterization of drag coefficient and surface roughness can be significantly improved by using wavelength as the reference length scale of atmospheric measurements. The wavelength scaling of drag coefficient and dynamic roughness also receives support from theoretical studies of wind and wave coupling.     

顾及垂线偏差的重力大地水准面差距内插法

指出传统距离加权内插法的不足,推导了垂线偏差同大地水准面差距偏导数的转换公式,在此基础上利用间接平差模型得到了顾及垂线偏差的重力大地水准面差距内插法,改进了传统距离加权平均法。