Quick Phase Identification for Dense Seismic Array with Aid from Long Term Phase Records of Co-located Sparse Permanent Stations

The phase identification and travel time picking are critical for seismic tomography, yet it will be challenging when the numbers of stations and earthquakes are huge. We here present a method to quickly obtain P and S travel times of pre-determined earthquakes from mobile dense array with the aid from long term phase records from co-located permanent stations. The records for 1 768 M ≥ 2.0 events from 2011 to 2013 recorded by 350 ChinArray stations deployed in Yunnan Province are processed with an improved AR-AIC method utilizing cumulative envelope and rectilinearity. The reference arrivals are predicted based on phase records from 88 permanent stations with similar spatial coverage, which are further refined with AR-AIC. Totally, 718 573 P picks and 512 035 S picks are obtained from mobile stations, which are 28 and 22 times of those from permanent stations, respectively. By comparing the automatic picks with manual picks from 88 permanent stations, for M ≥ 3.0 events, 81.5% of the P-pick errors are smaller than 0.5 second and 70.5% of S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. For events with a lower magnitude, 76.5% P-pick errors fall into 0.5 second and 69.5% S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. Moreover, the Pn and Sn phases are easily discriminated from directly P/S, indicating the necessity of combining traditional auto picking and integrating machine learning method.     

Experiments on Exploration of Shallow Fine Structures and the Construction of the 1-D Velocity Model in the Pingtan Island, Fujian

112 short-period seismographs were set up in the 400km² area of Pingtan Island and its surrounding areas in Fujian. The combined observations of the airgun source and ambient noise source were carried out using a dense array to receive the 387 airgun signals excited around the island and one month of continuous ambient noise recording. The 1-D P-wave and S-wave shallow velocity model of Pingtan Island is obtained by the inversion of the airgun body wave''s first arrival time data, and the reliability of the velocity model is verified by using the surface wave phase velocity dispersion curve, which can provide initial model for subsequent 3-D imaging. The experimental results show that this experiment is a successful demonstration of local scale green non-destructive detection, which can provide basic data for shallow surface structure research and strong vibration simulation of the Pingtan Island.     

GPS positioning accuracy using precise real‐time ephemeris and clock correction

Global positioning system (GPS) has found applications in various areas including marine geodesy. GPS positioning accuracy, however, is greatly degraded by GPS ephemeris and clock errors, particularly errors due to Selective Availability (SA). Thus, it is crucial to use precise ephemeris and clock corrections for users who require high position accuracy. Presently, precise ephemeris and clock corrections are available only in post‐mission. This paper investigates the generation of precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections and the positioning accuracy using them. In this research, precise real‐time ephemeris is generated from accurate dynamic orbit prediction and clock corrections are calculated using instantaneous GPS measurements. Numerical analysis using data from an actual GPS tracking network is performed that indicates use of precise ephemeris and clock corrections can improve the positioning accuracy to the one meter level. This accuracy is attainable in real‐time as the precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections become available in the future.     

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基于回归方程GPS单频精密单点定位算法

研究了单频GPS精密单点定位的算法,包括单频精密单点定位的回归方程及卡尔曼滤波用于单频精密单点定位,探讨卡尔曼滤波的观测方程和状态方程,给出了状态转移矩阵及系统噪声矩阵.通过算例验证了在1s采样率的情况下,定位达到了分米级的精度.     

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基于长期数据的北斗广播星历精度评估

介绍了广播星历精度评估的基本原理和方法,并利用2013-01~2015-04共28个月的广播星历数据,分析比较了北斗不同类型卫星的轨道精度、钟差精度及整体精度的短期和长期变化趋势。结果表明,GEO卫星广播星历的轨道精度约为1.8 m,钟差精度优于6 ns;IGSO和MEO广播星历的轨道精度优于1.2 m,钟差精度优于4 ns,整体上优于GEO卫星。从长期变化趋势来看,北斗广播星历的精度有逐渐提高的趋势。     

导航卫星自主定轨时轨道机动问题的处理方法

在各种摄动因素的作用下,导航卫星将逐渐偏离其预定轨道,因而需要通过轨道机动的方法来予以纠正。但轨道机动后,由预报轨道所提供的轨道先验信息将失去作用,这是用星间距离观测值和先验轨道信息进行导航卫星自主定轨时必须要解决的问题。提出机动后,机动卫星采用几何法来确定自己的位置,然后用动力学法来进行轨道拟合和轨道预报,在机动后第二天就能恢复正常的自主定轨。即使有多个卫星在同一天发生机动,个别卫星因可观测卫星不足4个而无法定轨,在第二天就能实现几何法定位,不会影响整个系统的导航定位功能。