实时卫星钟差基准精化方法

在基于精密单点定位(PPP)的授时方法中,卫星钟差产品的高精度时间基准至关重要.针对实时卫星钟差产品时间基准不够稳定的问题,本文采用一组具有原子钟外部输入的国际全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)服务(IGS)跟踪站建立了顾及原子钟变化特性的基准精化方法.该方法首先采用阿伦方差对不同的IGS跟踪站外接原子钟进行稳定度分析,挑选出一组稳定度高的原子钟用以精化时间基准.在此基础上,利用阿伦方差分析各台原子钟的噪声参数特征,并确定不同原子钟之间的权比关系.最终,建立时间基准改正量的随机模型,并计算出精化后的时间基准.通过实例验证表明:与IGS事后精密钟差产品定义的时间基准比较,改正后的实时钟差基准单天内的标准差(STD)优于0.1 ns,相比于改正前最高提升了93%.同时,基准改正后的天内万秒稳达到10^-15量级,实现了一个量级的提高.此外,通过相对钟差精度的分析,表明钟差基准修正不影响PPP的定位精度.     

基于支持向量机的GNSS时间序列预测

在深度学习的理论框架下,针对预测全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)时间序列,传统的经验风险最小化预测模型误差大精度低,泛化性能差且对历史数据的经验依赖大的问题.提出一种采用结构风险最小化原则的基于支持向量机(SVM)的时间序列预测模型.通过和多层的BP神经网络预测模型预测效果比较,结果证明SVM预测模型拥有更好的时间序列预测效果.     

Re-examining urban region and inferring regional function based on spatial–temporal interaction

Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective.     

三种验潮方法水位观测性能比较与统计分析

水尺、压力式验潮仪与验潮井验潮仪是海道测量水位控制和水位观测的主要手段。通过6日6个时间段的同步比对试验,计算了三种方法获取水位观测数据之间的潮时差和潮高差,分析了三种观测手段的水位观测性能以及产生差值的可能原因,提出了使用方法的建议。     

时间滞后变结构控制系统的研究新进展

详细地论述了时间滞后变结构控制系统的有关概念、特点和研究历史,研究历史从初级阶段、中级阶段、高级阶段、崭新阶段进行了描述;总结了到目前为止对该系统的若干研究进展;指出了有关时间滞后变结构控制系统的几个新的研究方向。     

板块俯冲带岩浆作用过程的研究

综合分析了板块俯冲带岩浆活动的物质来源、岩浆上涌直至喷出的地球化学过程以及与这些过程相对应的时间尺度等研究的进展,指出了目前研究中存在的主要问题,并建议我国在该领域开展相关的研究中应:1)首先利用独有的地理优势,以处于弧后扩张作用早期的冲绳海槽为研究对象,开展相关的调查与研究;2)积极引进先进的技术手段;3)通过加强国际合作,积极参与国际合作项目,拓展研究领域.     

Specifying a joint space- and time-lag using a bivariate Poisson distribution

Separate space- or time-lags have been considered regularly in data analyses; as space–time models are more recently being studied extensively in data analytic fashion, joint estimation of both lags has to be considered explicitly. This paper addresses this issue, taking into special consideration parametric parsimony together with specification richness; use of the bivariate Poisson frequency distribution is advocated and applied to an empirical case. The relation of this approach to random effects specifications is investigated. Data for Belgian regional products constitute the empirical case study.

计算机串口记时延迟的测量与分析

动态测量中,需要记录观测量的观测时刻,时刻作为测量的基本观测量,需要较高的计时精度,通过串口利用计算机计时是一种便捷可行的方法,但串口的时延是必须要考虑的因素。本文介绍了计算机串口计时的原理及影响其时延的相关因素,阐述了进行时延测量的方法,并通过实验对影响串口时延的5种因素进行了相应的测试和分析,实验结果表明,通常情况下串口时延在毫秒级,通过提高计时程序优先级的方法可成功将时延减小至0.35m s以内;低动态条件下串口时延对动态测量的影响较小,在某些检测设备中甚至可以忽略。     

基于噪声随机模型的加权观测融合方法

信息融合技术中,在各局部传感器的有色观测噪声为一阶AR模型的情况下,可以利用观测扩增方法消除有色噪声的影响,得到最优加权观测融合方程,从而实现状态的最优滤波解。对于有色观测噪声为MA或ARMA模型的情况,观测扩增方法不再适用。提出了基于有色观测噪声随机模型级数展开的方法,求解出各局部传感器有色观测噪声的方差,并利用该方差对加权观测融合滤波器进行了构造。通过计算实例证明,该方法不仅适用于观测噪声为AR模型,同时适用于噪声MA或ARMA模型。     

Wind impact on pollutant transport in a shallow estuary

A three-dimensional numerical model, EFDC （ environmental fluid dynamics code） is applied to the Pamlico River Estuary （PRE） in eastern North Carolina of the United States to examine the wind impact on pollutant age distributions and residence time. A series of model experiments representing base case, remote-wind-induced water level set-up and local winds cases are conducted. Model results indicate that the pollutant mean age and the system residence time are functions of gravitational circulation in the PRE. The system responses to remote-wind-induced water level set-up are different in different portions of the PRE. Under such condition, dissolved substances in the upstream portion of the PRE have a younger age and shorter residence time （compared with the base case） , by contrast, they have a older age and longer residence time in the downstream portion of the PRE. Upriver and downriver local winds appear to have opposite impacts on pollutant age distributions. The substances are retained much longer within the PRE under upriver wind than those under downriver wind. The model results also suggest that across - river winds may lead to longer residence time through enhanced turbulence mixing, which slows down the gravitational circulation in the PRE.