西藏安多县多才玛矿区强研磨性地层孕镶金刚石钻头使用效果分析

多才玛矿区位于三江源国家自然保护区内,任务量重、施工要求高、难度大,采用现场调研法和室内试验分析法分析孕镶金刚石钻头使用效果。通过研究分析得到:多才玛矿区岩石的研磨性为5～6级,可钻性为7～8级,地层破碎程度为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。"NQ"系列孕镶金刚石钻头在多才玛矿区施工时的最优钻压在8～11MPa之间,最优转速在1. 41～2. 35m/s之间。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察分析两种典型的非正常钻进过程发现,在高转速、低钻压的条件下是新鲜的金刚石面无法出刃导致机械钻速低,在高转速、高钻压的条件下发生烧钻,胎体直接与岩体接触导致机械钻速低。孕镶金刚石钻头的金刚石平均出刃高度一定程度上可以反映钻头的寿命和机械钻速的大小。     

考虑不完全土拱效应的浅层地基竖向应力计算

浅层岩溶土洞塌陷和浅埋隧道施工等时常会引发浅层地基出现局部沉陷,导致地基可能承受不完全土拱效应作用。如何定量分析不完全土拱效应对浅层地基竖向应力的影响尤为重要。统计了国内外浅层活动门试验,将浅层地基滑移面概化为塔形,同时考虑了浅层地基不同深度处土层差异沉降及主应力偏转过程。通过建立主应力偏转角与活动门相对位移之间的数量关系,量化了浅层地基不同深度对应的不完全土拱效应发挥程度,优化了考虑不完全土拱效应的浅层地基竖向应力计算方法。分析了主要参数对不完全土拱效应的影响,结果表明,随着浅层活动门高宽比及相对位移的增大,应力转移量增加,土体有效内摩擦角及滑移面倾角则相反。可为局部沉降作用下的浅层地基竖向应力计算提供理论指导。     

地球自转参数的LS+AR超短期预报方法

地球自转参数（ERP）是卫星精密定轨中联系天球坐标系与地球坐标系的必要参数,是国际GNSS服务组织（IGS）和国际GNSS监测评估系统（iGMAS）分析中心的重要产品。为了提高中国测绘科学研究院分析中心（CGS）的线性模型预报精度,本文研究了最小二乘（LS）和自回归模型（AR）组合的超短期预报最优方法;通过不同周期数据确定最佳预报时长,利用LS+AR模型进行超短期预报,并通过IGS和iGMAS与线性模型产品对比。结果表明：利用8 d（时段）数据进行超短期预报最优;LS+AR模型预报精度明显优于LS模型;LS+AR的超短期预报方法优于分析中心的线性预报方法;EOP的PMX和PMY分量利用时段数据预报、LOD利用天数据预报精度更高。本文超短期预报方法能够提高ERP预报精度,为IGS或iGMAS分析中心的ERP预报提供了一定的参考意义。     

Lower bound limit analysis of wedge stability using block element method

A lower bound limit analysis approach based on the block element method is proposed to analyze wedge stability problem. The search for the maximum value of the factor of safety is set up as a nonlinear programming problem. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm from a reasonable initial value is applied to obtain the optimal solution. This approach provides a strict lower bound solution considering the sliding mode and rotation effect simultaneously. The deviations of the factor of safety between the present and traditional limit equilibrium methods are positively correlated with both the friction angle and the dip of the discontinuity surface.     

大旋转角空间直角坐标转换改进模型研究

针对大旋转角三维坐标转换模型法方程系数阵病态的问题,提出中心化和自适应缩放相结合的改进模型。结合算例分析,验证了该模型能显著改善法方程系数矩阵病态性,转换参数结果稳定可靠,优于现有模型。     

An improvement to linear‐elastic procedures for seismic performance assessment

An improved linear‐elastic analysis procedure is developed in this paper as a simple approximate method for displacement‐based seismic assessment of the existing buildings. The procedure is mainly based on reducing the stiffness of structural members that are expected to respond in the inelastic range in a single global iteration step. Modal spectral displacement demands are determined from the equal displacement rule. Response predictions obtained from the proposed procedure are evaluated comparatively by using the results of benchmark nonlinear response history analysis, and both the conventional and the multi‐mode pushover analyses. In comparative evaluations, a twelve‐story RC plane frame and a six‐story unsymmetrical‐plan RC frame are employed by using 91 ground motion components. It is observed that the proposed procedure estimates the flexural deformation demands in deformation‐controlled members and the shear forces in force‐controlled members with reasonable accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地球自转、地震成因与地震预报

通过对2008年5月12日四川汶川8级地震与地球自转的关系的分析,提出了一个新的地震成因观点,认为地震的主要成因之一在于地球自转速率的变化。地球岩石圈由大小不同、质量不同的块体组成。比如,大洋块体薄、质量轻,大陆块体厚、质量重。地球自转速率变化时,就会造成这些块体运动的差异性。这种差异运动可能使块体之间发生"追尾"撞击或摩察,从而引起地震。     

一种基于四元数的三维基准转换简便模型

针对三维空间基准转换的七参数模型参数求解问题,引入四元数来构造旋转矩阵,利用简单的空间几何原理确定四元数的旋转轴、旋转方向以及旋转角度,从而得到较为精确的旋转矩阵初值。再配合较为准确的尺度参数和平移参数近似值代入线性化的观测方程,可快速、准确地确定各转换参数的精确值,提高解算的可靠性和稳定性。实验表明,该算法适用于任意角度的三维坐标转换。     

利用LS+AR模型和激发函数预报地球自转参数

分别采用LS+AR组合模型和包含大气角动量、海洋角动量的流体激发函数对地球自转参数进行长期预报。数值实验表明,激发函数预报精度优于LS+AR组合模型,其中大气角动量激发函数预报精度优于海洋角动量激发函数。     

The effect of turbulent mixing on the g‐mode spectrum of MS stars

Understanding transport processes inside stars is one of the main goals of asteroseismology. Chemical turbulent mixing can affect the internal distribution of μ near the energy generating core, having an effect on the evolutionary tracks similar to that of overshooting. This mixing leads to a smoother chemical composition profile near the edge of the convective core, which is reflected in the behavior of the buoyancy frequency and, therefore, in the frequencies of gravity modes. We describe the effects of convective overshooting and turbulent mixing on the frequencies of gravity modes in B‐type main sequence stars. In particular, the cases of p‐g mixed modes in β Cep stars and high‐order modes in SPBs are considered. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)