Genotoxicity in two bivalve species from a coastal lagoon in the south of Portugal

DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay in the haemolymph of two bivalve species Ruditapes decussatus and Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Ria Formosa lagoon (south Coast of Portugal). Clams and mussels were sampled from sites close to each other to determine interspecific responses to similar environmental conditions, considering also seasonal and gender differences. Coupled with genotoxic effect, another damage biomarker (lipid peroxidation) was analysed to verify if the conditions that instigate DNA damage can be related with injury to cell membranes. For both species, DNA damage was low, reflecting the low levels of genotoxic contaminants in the lagoon, and no interspecific differences were found. However, seasonal differences were established for both bivalve species, reflecting higher environmental stress in summer. Regarding gender susceptibility, only clams showed differences in percentage of Tail DNA, with females more sensitive to DNA damage than males. Additionally, results for clams point out that factors responsible for LPO may not be the same as those causing genotoxicity. This study demonstrated that DNA damage is a sensitive biomarker to discriminate spatial, temporal and gender differences, being an appropriate biomarker for genotoxicity evaluation even in places of low contamination, such as the Ria Formosa lagoon.     

考虑主应力方向变化的原状软黏土应力应变性状试验研究

为反映真实工程条件下主应力轴旋转应力路径引起土体性状的变化,对杭州地区正常固结原状软黏土在固结不排水的主应力轴定向剪切和主应力轴单调旋转条件下的应力-应变关系进行试验研究。研究发现,不同主应力方向的定向剪切路径下,随主应力方向变化,试样中各应变发挥程度显著不同,但破坏时的临界八面体应变变化较为稳定,且当八面体应变达到5%时,强度发挥程度已接近甚至超过90%。若剪切过程中增加了主应力幅值不变的不排水主应力轴单调旋转应力路径,只要破坏时主应力方向一致,经历与未经历主应力轴旋转试样的临界应变分量接近,但主应力轴旋转会影响加载阶段试样主应力、主应变增量方向所表现出的不共轴性,并且此影响随旋转时剪应力水平的提高而趋于显著,即使在临界破坏状态下依然明显。试验结果表明,由于土体原生各向异性、黏塑性等性质的存在,并不适宜用相关联流动法则来分析主应力轴旋转条件下土体的应力-应变关系特征。     

Nonlinear seismic analysis of reinforced concrete frames using the force analogy method

A method of nonlinear seismic analysis for RC framed structures considering full‐range factors, including stiffness and strength degradation, geometric nonlinearity, and structural member failure, is established based on the fundamental concept of the force analogy method. The strong material nonlinearity, large geometric deformation, and internal forces redistribution due to the member failure can be depicted by the proposed local plastic mechanisms, the rotation hinges at the member ends and the slide hinges assigned to the columns, of which the measurement relationships are moment versus plastic rotation and shear force versus shear plastic deformation, respectively. They are capable of evaluating the exact response of RC structures. Because only unchanging initial stiffness matrices are used through the whole computation process, the state‐space formulation was used for solving the equations of motion. The advantages of the force analogy method, such as high efficiency and stability, are still retained. The exactness of the proposed local plastic mechanisms is verified against a group of tests data, and the application of the proposed procedure is performed to an RC framed structure to simulate the full‐range nonlinear response by increasing the excitation step by step until failure of partial structural members appear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of column size for displacement‐based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings

This article reports a method to determine the storey‐wise column size for displacement‐based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings with a wide range of storey drift and building plan. The method uses a computer program based algorithm. The basic relation used in the algorithm is formulated by considering the various possible deformation components involved in the overall frame deformation. As a necessity to represent the deformation component due to plastic rotation of beam members, a relation between the beam plastic rotation and the target‐drift is adopted. To control the dynamic amplification of interstorey drift, a target‐drift dependant design‐drift reduction factor is used. The dynamic amplification of column moment is accounted with the help of an approximate conversion of fundamental period of the building from the effective period of the equivalent SDOF system. To avoid the formation of plastic hinge in column members, a design‐drift dependant column–beam moment capacity ratio is used. The method successfully determines the storey‐wise column size for buildings of four plans of different varieties, heights up to 12 storeys and target‐drift up to 3%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

太阳绕太阳系质心运动22年周期及其与太阳活动的联系

对于太阳活动22年周期的成因机制长期存在着争论.本文借助于行星会合指数以及开普勒第三定律,对太阳绕太阳系质心运动周期进行了分析计算.结果发现,太阳绕太阳系质心运动存在22.1826年显著周期,这与太阳磁场变化的22.20年周期相吻合.并从太阳系角动量守恒的角度解释了两者之间的成因联系:在太阳绕太阳系质心运动的准22年周期中,太阳系质心与太阳质心逐步接近而后逐步分离.当两个质心之间的距离接近零的时候,太阳轨道角动量与自转角动量叠加,会导致太阳自转角速度的加快;当两个质心之间的距离逐渐远离的时候,则导致太阳自转角速度的减慢.这可能是引发太阳活动和太阳磁场变化的原因.这一新认识为太阳活动准22年周期成因机制的解释提供了新的线索和依据.     

GPS/INS系统HPR与OPK角元素的剖析与转换

介绍了Heading Pitch Roll(HPR)和Omega Phi Kappa(OPK)两种角元素系统的定义,分析了HPR与OPK之间的区别,给出了相互转换的基本思路,并重点推导了利用GPS/INS系统获取的HPR角度和惯性测量单元(IMU)几何中心坐标计算影像外方位元素的数学公式和各种旋转矩阵的构成。实验结果表明,文中利用HPR角计算外方位元素的理论与方法正确、可行。     

矿柱稳定性判别的ICA-RoF模型及其工程应用

为准确判别矿柱稳定性情况,综合考虑矿柱形状特征量、力学状态量和力学极限量3类指标,选取矿柱宽度、矿柱高度、矿柱宽高比、矿柱约束、矿柱摩擦系数、矿柱应力、矿岩单轴抗压强度、矿柱强度共8个特征作为识别指标,利用独立成分分析旋转森林(ICA-RoF)算法逆构特征指标与矿柱状态之间的非线性映射关系,建立一种基于ICA-RoF算法的矿柱稳定性判别模型。结合工程实例,以150组矿柱样本数据进行训练,采用40次5折交叉验证算法获得最佳模型参数,以剩余12组样本数据对该模型进行检验,并与主成分分析旋转森林算法(PCA-RoF)、CART决策树算法(CDT)和高斯过程分类算法(GPC)进行比较。研究结果表明:ICA-RoF判别模型精度高、泛化能力强,在显著性水平α=0.05的情况下,ICA-RoF明显优于PCA-RoF、CDT和GPC。     

宽线三维转换波资料处理方法及效果分析

研究了三维转换波资料坐标旋转、面元划分及三维共转换点计算方法,即将每一个转换波共炮点道集内所有地震道进行坐标旋转,旋转后的转换波道集在炮检距、纵横波速度已知的条件下,用迭代方法计算三维转换点的平面坐标,并绘制在平面上.将平面分割为小的面元,凡是转换点在同一面元内的记录道都属于同一共反射点转换波道集,转换点面元大小与纵横波速度比有关.在上述研究的基础上,建立了宽线三维转换波资料处理流程,处理了某油田某地区的宽线转换波资料.     

鄂尔多斯的逆时针旋转与动力学

根据鄂尔多斯块体及周围地区的GPS数据。计算了鄂尔多斯相对于蒙古地台和欧亚板块的旋转参数,表明鄂尔多斯相对于蒙古地台和欧亚板块存在逆时针旋转。用GPS方法与地质学方法得到的鄂尔多斯相对于蒙古地台的旋转参数相同,证明鄂尔多斯自晚新生代以来的运动是稳定的。分析周围地区相对于鄂尔多斯的运动以及鄂尔多斯周围边界断裂带两侧的相对运动,发现鄂尔多斯主要受两对力作用：鄂尔多斯北部北西向拉张与南部北东向推挤形成的力矩作用,以及燕山块体对鄂尔多斯的NW向拉张作用力与华南块体对鄂尔多斯SE向拉张作用力。这两对作用力是促使鄂尔多斯发生逆时针旋转的驱动力。