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471.
H.-U. Kaeufl T. Bonev H. Boehnhardt Y. R. Fernandez C. Lisse 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2005,97(3-4):331-339
Comet 9P/Tempel 1, the target of the Deep Impact mission, has been intensively observed for a long time period before the encounter. Pre-impact ground based monitoring of the comet was an important prerequisite for the success of the first space experiment in which a comet is treated by an artificial impact. It provided the background data needed to disentangle the features caused by the impact from variations caused by the natural activity of the comet. In this paper we present results from the ESO-monitoring of the comet, conducted in the thermal infrared and optical spectral ranges during several months before the Deep Impact encounter with the comet. 相似文献
472.
地球自转长期变化的研究依赖于古代天象记录.近年来这方面研究取得明显进展.本文着重介绍作者由中国古代公元十世纪以前732个月掩犯记录得到的最新结果,并与其他结果进行了对比和综合分析,中国月掩犯记录填补了公元三至八世纪的资料缺环,并证实了公元五世纪前后地球自转非潮项的明显变化. 相似文献
473.
474.
475.
Roberto O. Aquilano Juan C. Muzzio Hugo D. Navone Alejandra F. Zorzi 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2007,99(4):307-324
We used a multipolar code to create, through the dissipationless collapses of systems of 1,000,000 particles, three self-consistent
triaxial stellar systems with axial ratios corresponding to those of E4, E5 and E6 galaxies. The E5 and E6 models have small,
but significant, rotational velocities although their total angular momenta are zero, that is, they exhibit figure rotation;
the rotational velocity decreases with decreasing flattening of the models and for the E4 model it is essentially zero. Except
for minor changes, probably caused by unavoidable relaxation effects, the systems are highly stable. The potential of each
system was subsequently approximated with interpolating formulae yielding smooth potentials, stationary for the non-rotating
model and stationary in the rotating frame for the rotating ones. The Lyapunov exponents could then be computed for randomly
selected samples of the bodies that make up the different systems, allowing the recognition of regular and partially and fully
chaotic orbits. Finally, the regular orbits were Fourier analyzed and classified using their locations on the frequency map.
As it could be expected, the percentages of chaotic orbits increase with the flattening of the system. As one goes from E6
through E4, the fraction of partially chaotic orbits relative to that of fully chaotic ones increases, with the former surpassing
the latter in model E4; the likely cause of this behavior is that triaxiality diminishes from E6 through E4, the latter system
being almost axially symmetric. We especulate that some of the partially chaotic orbits may obey a global integral akin to
the long axis component of angular momentum. Our results show that is perfectly possible to have highly stable triaxial models
with large fractions of chaotic orbits, but such systems cannot have constant axial ratios from center to border: a slightly
flattened reservoir of highly chaotic orbits seems to be mandatory for those systems. 相似文献
476.
477.
Paul D. Feldman Stephan R. McCandliss Harold A. Weaver Michael J.S. Belton 《Icarus》2007,187(1):113-122
We report on the Hubble Space Telescope program to observe periodic Comet 9P/Tempel 1 in conjunction with NASA's Deep Impact Mission. Our objectives were to study the generation and evolution of the coma resulting from the impact and to obtain wide-band images of the visual outburst generated by the impact. Two observing campaigns utilizing a total of 17 HST orbits were carried out: the first occurred on 2005 June 13-14 and fortuitously recorded the appearance of a new, short-lived fan in the sunward direction on June 14. The principal campaign began two days before impact and was followed by contiguous orbits through impact plus several hours and then snapshots one, seven, and twelve days later. All of the observations were made using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). For imaging, the ACS High Resolution Channel (HRC) provides a spatial resolution of 36 km (16 km pixel−1) at the comet at the time of impact. Baseline images of the comet, made prior to impact, photometrically resolved the comet's nucleus. The derived diameter, 6.1 km, is in excellent agreement with the 6.0±0.2 km diameter derived from the spacecraft imagers. Following the impact, the HRC images illustrate the temporal and spatial evolution of the ejecta cloud and allow for a determination of its expansion velocity distribution. One day after impact the ejecta cloud had passed out of the field-of-view of the HRC. 相似文献
478.
This paper evaluates driving mechanisms of vertical-axis rotation using data from the western Transverse Ranges in southern California. Simple force balance considerations and comparison of torque applied to a rotating block indicate that shear forces applied to the base of the block are not strong enough to produce the motions and deformation observed at the surface. For the measured dimensions of the crustal blocks and crustal viscosities in southern California, stresses transmitted through the upper crust are one to three orders of magnitude stronger than forces generated in the ductile lower crust. These results suggest that the kinematics of crustal blocks in continental deformation zones are primarily controlled by forces within the upper crust rather than a flow field beneath. 相似文献
479.
Abstract Neotectonic crustal deformation in central Japan near a triple-junction of plates is investigated on the basis of paleomagnetic data. The progressive thermal demagnetization test isolated characteristic remanent magnetization from 18 sites of the early Quaternary Eboshidake volcanic rocks erupted around the termination of active strike-slip faults. The site-mean directions show considerably large scatter in declinations, and easterly deflection in average (Dm = −161.7°). On the basis of inclination statistics, measured inclinations (Im = −48.9°, δI = 6.6°) are concordant with an expected value from latitude of the study area. Because the sampling was planned to cover a wide stratigraphic range and eliminate the effect of geomagnetic secular variation, an easterly deflection is attributed to clockwise rotation around vertical axis. Together with previous paleomagnetic data, the present study indicates that clockwise-rotated areas in central Japan are aligned on a northeast–southwest recent shear zone delineated through geodetic survey. Deflection and scatter of paleomagnetic declinations of the Eboshidake volcanic rocks are much greater than those extrapolated from a recent strain rate, and might be explained by complicated motion anticipated at fault terminations and/or enhanced crustal rotation under elevated temperatures around a Quaternary volcanic province. 相似文献
480.
Krzysztof P. Teisseyre 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):535-553
Analysis of a group of seismic events which took place in central Italy and have been recorded at the l’Aquila Observatory
reveals proportionality between the maximum seismic signal (the displacement velocity) and the maximum amplitudes of rotational
components. To compare the seismic events in the aspect of energy emitted as rotational motions, the rotation indices are
used; these indices help us also to differentiate between the results obtained for different frequency spectra.
In the adopted higher frequency range, 2.6–43 Hz, the relation between maximum displacement velocities and the rotation indices
is roughly reciprocal, while for the lower frequencies, 0.3–3 Hz, there is no clear relationship.
The share of rotation motions in the whole seismic energy emitted from the source varies during the seismic event. Research
on the rotational components hidden in the seismic field gives a new insight into the processes in the source. 相似文献