湖北一次大暴雨过程两个强降水时段的诊断分析与数值模拟

根据NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、常规观测和加密观测站资料以及FY-2C TBB资料,对2008年8月28-30日湖北暴雨过程两个强降水时段的大尺度环流背景和中尺度对流系统进行诊断分析。在此基础上,利用中尺度数值模式WRF的模拟结果对影响大暴雨过程两个强降水时段的中尺度对流系统和其他物理量场深入分析。结果表明：湖北大暴雨过程存在明显的两个降水增强阶段,它们发生与结束的时间近乎一致,并且第二阶段的强降水要比第一阶段强度更大;强降水第一阶段是由低涡切变与地面暖湿气流影响造成的,强降水第二阶段是由低涡切变、中低纬短波槽和地面冷空气共同影响造成的。两个强降水时段逐小时的降水与云团特征表明,雨团与云团的活动规律一致,其增幅均出现在晚上到凌晨时段。同时表明,β中尺度对流云团与此次暴雨过程关系密切;暖切变线自南向北影响第一时段降水增幅,西南涡中伸展出的冷切变线自西向东影响第二时段降水增幅,模式结果表明由冷切变线引起的第二时段降水增幅更大;两个强降水时段雨区上空均有较强的能量,强的水汽通量辐合贯穿整个降水过程,地面降水中心与其上空湿位涡大值中心有较好的对应关系。     

A cloud-based synthetic seismogram generator implemented using Windows Azure

Synthetic seismograms generated by solving the seismic wave equation using numerical methods are being widely used in seismology. For fully three-dimensional seismic structure models, the generation of these synthetic seismograms may require large amount of computing resources. Conventional high-performance computer clusters may not provide a cost-effective solution to this type of applications. The newly emerging cloud-computing platform provides an alternative solution. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a synthetic seismogram generator based on the reciprocity principle using the Windows Azure cloud application framework. Our preliminary experiment shows that our cloud-based synthetic seismogram generator provides a cost-effective and numerically efficient approach for computing synthetic seismograms based on the reciprocity principle.     

机载微波辐射计测云中液态水含量(Ⅱ):反演方法

介绍了机载对空微波辐射计探测云中路径积分液态水含量(L)的辐射传输原理和反演方法;根据吉林省长春市的历史探空资料和典型的层状云液水垂直分布模式,得到该地区4～7月各月随高度而变化的反演公式系数的表达式,并给出了反演误差的数值模拟检验结果：在地面反演值对“真值”的统计相对偏差是15％～25％,在6km高度处为5％～10％,表明该方法已具有实用可接受的精度。此外,为减少由于回归样本中云液水廓线的“失真”给反演造成的误差,本文在对探空廓线作诊断建立云液水廓线时,引入了实际目测最低云底高的信息。数值模拟比较表明,该措施行之有效,使对流层中下层几乎所有高度上L反演值的精度提高了5％～20％,观测高度越低,精度提高的越多。     

云计算环境下地震数据管理与服务应用研究

本文通过对云计算环境下海量地震数据存储业务需求的分析,构建了一种可扩展的、具备一定负载均衡能力的高性能云存储体系,并针对地震数据存储质量问题进行了测试与分析,给出了相应的实现方法和实施策略,并在搭建的云存储平台上,验证了云存储体系可扩展性及负载均衡等问题的可行性。     

Cloud Point Extraction for the Preconcentration of Silver and Palladium in Real Samples and Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A cloud point extraction procedure is presented for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of Ag⁺ and Pd²⁺ in various samples. After complexation with 2‐((2‐((1H‐benzo[d]imidazole‐2‐yl)methoxy)phenoxy)methyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol (BIMPI), which was used as a new chelating agent, analyte ions were quantitatively extracted to a phase rich in Triton X‐114 following centrifugation, and determination was carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Under the optimum experimental conditions (i. e., pH = 7.0, 15.0·10^–5 mol/L BIMPI and 0.036% (w/v) Triton X‐114), calibration graphs were linear in the range of 28.0–430.0 μg/L and 57.0–720.0 μg/L with detection limits of 10.0 and 25.0 μg/L for Ag⁺ and Pd²⁺, respectively. The enrichment factors were 35.0 and 28.0 for Ag⁺ and Pd²⁺, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to evaluate these metals in some real samples, including waste water, soil and hydrogenation catalyst samples.     

Evolution of massive binary stars in the LMC and its implications for radio pulsar population

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of the Large Magellanic Cloud compiled recently by Fitzpatrick & Garmany (1990) shows that there are a number of supergiant stars immediately redward of the main sequence although theoretical models of massive stars with normal hydrogen abundance predict that the region 4.5 ≤ logT _eff ≤ 4.3 should be un-populated (“gap”). Supergiants having surface enrichment of helium acquired for example from a previous phase of accretion from a binary companion, however, evolve in a way so that the evolved models and observed data are consistent — an observation first made by Tuchman & Wheeler (1990). We compare the available optical data on OB supergiants with computed evolutionary tracks of massive stars of metallicity relevant to the LMC with and without helium-enriched envelopes and conclude that a large fraction (≈ 60 per cent) of supergiant stars may occur in binaries. As these less evolved binaries will later evolve into massive X-ray binaries, the observed number and orbital period distribution of the latter can constrain the evolutionary scenarios of the supergiant binaries. The distributions of post main sequence binaries and closely related systems like WR + O stars are bimodal-consisting of close and wide binaries in which the latter type is numerically dominating. When the primary star explodes as a supernova leaving behind a neutron star, the system receives a kick and in some cases can lead to runaway O-stars. We calculate the expected space velocity distribution for these systems. After the second supernova explosion, the binaries in most cases, will be disrupted leading to two runaway neutron stars. In between the two explosions, the first born neutron star’s spin evolution will be affected by accretion of mass from the companion star. We determine the steady-state spin and radio luminosity distributions of single pulsars born from the massive stars under some simple assumptions. Due to their great distance, only the brightest radio pulsars may be detected in a flux-limited survey of the LMC. A small but significant number of observable single radio pulsars arising out of the disrupted massive binaries may appear in the short spin period range. Most pulsars will have a low velocity of ejection and therefore may cluster around the OB associations in the LMC.     

5、6月份西南低涡云系的云滴特征

本文根据飞机探测的云物理资料,分析西南低涡云系的云滴特征,并与切变云系的微结构特征作了对比分析。指出:西南涡云系和切变云系的平均谱都是单峰谱,两者的差异不大。两类系统自身的强、弱云系之间,在谱宽、平均滴直径、滴浓度及其分布等方面都存在明显的差别。     

Becoming-forest, becoming-local: transformations of a protected area in Honduras

Neotropical cloud forests have been locked away in protected areas that conservationists seek to fashion into spaces exclusively for “Nature,” but they often cannot do so because of the pressure of migrant agriculture, among other factors. The author documents the case of a protected area in Honduras that, while it fails to evolve into an idealized “conservation space,” nevertheless undergoes transformations until it becomes accepted by local actors as a space that provides protection for marginalized groups under threat from a hydroelectric project that seeks to dislodge them. A Deleuzian theoretical approach loosely drawing from complexity theory is utilized to explain the process whereby diverse and conflicting land-use spatialities come to embrace an alien and imposed national park and in the process ally with each other against a perceived greater threat from the outside. The author shows the transformative potentials of protected areas as allies, rather than enemies, of spatial justice movements currently confronting the challenges of “regional economic integration” initiatives such as the Central American Free Trade Agreement.     

用双通道动态阈值对GMS-5图像进行自动云检测

该文用双通道动态阈值法对GMS-5图像进行自动的云检测。在红外通道和可见光通道，分别对每32×32个像元组成的像元阵进行直方图统计，求出区别云和地物值域的阈值，然后对每个像元阵内的逐个像元进行云判识。讨论了在进行直方图分析以求取阈值的过程中，像元阵大小的选取和动态平滑间距的选取对云检测结果的影响。分析结果表明:像元阵大小取32×32时，像元阵所占的地域空间尺度足够小，像元阵内的观测像元样本数足够多，保证了在直方图聚类分析时，每一类含有足够多的样本；GMS-5观测图像的红外通道对原始直方图进行二次平滑时小平滑间距取1.6 K，可见光通道小平滑间距取1.2%，使得确定动态阈值时步长相对小，保证了分析的精度。用目视图像对分析结果进行真实性检验，在中低纬度地区，可见光和红外两个通道都有资料时，该算法的云判识精度较好。在高纬度地区，由于地表温度低，积雪覆盖多，太阳光照角低，该算法的云判识精度较差。