规模化深部咸水含水层CO2地质储存选址方法研究

本文依据中国沉积盆地CO2地质储存潜力评价结果,认为深部咸水含水层是实现规模化CO2地质储存的主体,进而对适宜CO2地质储存的深部咸水含水层属性进行了界定。提出了深部咸水含水层CO2地质储存选址原则,合理划分了选址工作阶段。建立了选址技术指标、安全性评价指标、经济适宜性和地面地质-社会环境选址指标4个指标层,60余个指标的选址指标体系,提出了基于层次分析(AHP)的多因子排序选址评价方法。本文的研究成果对中国深部咸水含水层CO2地质储存场地选址具有一定的指导意义。     

海底节点长期地震观测:油气田开发与CO2地质封存过程监测

地震观测方法目前被广泛用于海底油气田勘探开发与CO2地质封存过程监测.比较了海面拖缆地震观测与海底节点地震观测方法的差异.海底节点地震观测方法能够采集多分量、全方位、高信噪比和高分辨率数据,同时具有数据定位精度高、采集可重复性以及数据采集性价比高等优势.在回顾海底节点地震观测方法发展过程与现状的基础上,展望了海底长期节...     

塔里木盆地奥陶系礁灰岩CO2毛细残余封存能力实验研究

实施CO2地质封存是目前公认的减少温室气体排放的有效方法。在可能进行封存的场所中,咸水含水层封存潜力最大,机理也最为复杂。其中毛细残余封存机理在封存量和封存安全性方面均具有十分重要的意义。在评价毛细残余封存量时,残余气饱和度是一个十分重要的参数。文中提出了测定残余气饱和度的实验方法,并实际应用于中国塔里木盆地奥陶系礁灰...     

Acoustic and optical variations during rapid downward motion episodes in the deep north-western Mediterranean Sea

An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored at the deep-sea site of the ANTARES neutrino telescope near Toulon, France, thus providing a unique opportunity to compare high-resolution acoustic and optical observations between 70 and 170 m above the sea bed at 2475 m. The ADCP measured downward vertical currents of magnitudes up to 0.03 m s⁻¹ in late winter and early spring 2006. In the same period, observations were made of enhanced levels of acoustic reflection, interpreted as suspended particles including zooplankton, by a factor of about 10 and of horizontal currents reaching 0.35 m s⁻¹. These observations coincided with high light levels detected by the telescope, interpreted as increased bioluminescence. During winter 2006 deep dense-water formation occurred in the Ligurian subbasin, thus providing a possible explanation for these observations. However, the 10-20 days quasi-periodic episodes of high levels of acoustic reflection, light and large vertical currents continuing into the summer are not direct evidence of this process. It is hypothesized that the main process allowing for suspended material to be moved vertically later in the year is local advection, linked with topographic boundary current instabilities along the rim of the ‘Northern Current’.     

淮河流域能量和水分循环研究进展

1998和1999年夏,中国与日本科学家合作在安徽省淮河流域进行了第一次大规模的能量与水循环试验（WCRP/GEWEX/GAME/HUBEX）,其重点是研究东亚梅雨锋系的多尺度,多系统结构、特征、生命史、发生发展机理及其引起洪涝灾害的原因。这是第一次中日合作的气象与水文联合观测试验,在此加强观测的基础上,双方进一步进行了长达5年的资料整理分析和科学研究工作,整个淮河流域能量与水循环试验与研究取得了全面和丰硕的成果。文中介绍了该计划所取得的主要成果,并以现在科学进展的视野重新评估这些成果的科学意义和不足,为进一步开展新的淮河与长江中下游梅雨科学联合试验提供经验和新的研究目标。      

An Algorithm for Detecting Ice Cloud at Different Altitudes by Combining Dual CrIS Full Spectrum Resolution CO2 Channels

Using infrared sensors to detect ice clouds in different atmospheric layers is still a challenge. The different scattering and absorption properties of longwave and shortwave infrared channels can be utilized to fulfill this purpose.In this study, the release of Suomi-NPP Cross-track Infrared Sounder(Cr IS) full spectrum resolution is used to select and pair channels from longwave(～ 15 μm) and shortwave(～4.3 μm) CO_2 absorption bands under stricter conditions, so as to better detect ice clouds. Besides, the differences of the weighting function peaks and cloud insensitive level altitudes of the paired channels are both within 50 h Pa so that the variances due to atmospheric conditions can be minimized. The training data of clear sky are determined by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) cloud mask product and used to find the linear relationship between the paired longwave and shortwave CO_2 absorption channels. From the linear relationship, the so-called cloud emission and scattering index(CESI) is derived to detect ice clouds. CESI clearly captures the center and the ice cloud features of the Super Typhoon Hato located above 415 h Pa. Moreover, the CESI distributions agree with cloud top pressure from the VIIRS in both daytime and nighttime in different atmospheric layers.     

"一带一路"沿线主要国家碳捕集、利用和封存潜力与前景研究

碳捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）技术是世界公认的最有前景的碳减排技术之一,它在不改变能源结构的前提下,实现碳的有效封存,是协调经济发展和环境可持续的双赢策略。为了探讨“一带一路”沿线主要国家CCUS技术的发展前景,文中基于CO₂封存机理和CO₂在油藏和气藏中理论封存量的评估方法,分析了“一带一路”沿线主要国家CO₂的封存潜力。结果表明,“一带一路”沿线主要国家有较高的CO₂封存潜力, 在油藏和气藏中的理论封存量达到6200亿t。虽然目前沿线大部分国家CCUS技术都处于起步阶段,但在政府投资和政策的支持下,CCUS技术将为“一带一路”沿线主要国家碳减排目标的实现做出重要贡献。     

Terminal forecasting and supersonic transport

Although an official observatory was established in Toronto in 1839, governmental attempts to organize a national meteorological service were not begun until 1871. Storm warnings and general weather forecasts for Eastern Canada were instituted in 1876, and this service was extended across the West and throughout the settled portions of the country by the early years of the 20th century. Historical climatological data were published annually after 1871, but very little statistical data, delineating the climate of the country, were available prior to 1900. A beginning was made at expanding meteorological activities into the North before World War I, but it was not until the 1920's that a significant number of observing stations were located there. By 1930 the need for extensive aviation meteorological services was becoming apparent, but the economic depression prevented an expansion of both aviation and meteorological services.     

CO2浓度升高对极端干旱区多枝柽柳叶片水分利用效率的影响

采用美国Li-COR公司生产的LI-6400便携式光合作用测量系统,在2008和2009年生长季节对极端干旱区额济纳绿洲多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.)叶片的净光合速率(Pn)与蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随光照强度的变化.结果表明:胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随光照强度增强而减小...     

我国工业碳强度的空间分布及影响因素研究

在分析1998—2008年我国工业碳排放和碳强度空间分布特点的基础上,基于省际面板数据,建立回归分析模型,探索地区工业碳强度变化的原因。研究发现,省际工业碳排放量和碳强度的分布存在明显的空间差异;回归分析显示,地区工业总产值在全国所占比例越高,其工业碳强度越低,工业资本有机构成提高有利于降低工业碳强度,但其效应较为微弱,地区工业结构中大中型企业比例增加、重型工业和国有企业比例减少均有利于降低工业碳强度。研究结论的政策含义在于,各地区在发展工业经济的过程中应积极推动工业结构调整以降低工业碳强度,要鼓励企业在市场竞争中壮大规模,防范重工业过度扩张和积极发展非国有经济。