土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿钻井工程MWD实地校核

土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿采卤工程是目前世界范围内采用对接井水溶开采方法进行采矿的最大规模的天然碱采矿工程。在对接井施工过程中，由于出现了地磁变化异常和地质条件变化，致使MWD导向系统出现了一定偏差。为减少仪器偏差，设计并对仪器进行了实地校核。校核结果表明，探管的安装条件对其数据精度有较大的影响。其校核结果被应用于实际生产中，起到了良好的指导作用。     

CBERS-02 CCD和SPOT-4 HRVIR1两个传感器的敦煌场地在轨绝对辐射定标及对比分析

中国资源卫星应用中心于2005年8月，利用敦煌场地分别对CBERS-02CCD和SPOT-4 HRVIR1两个传感器进行在轨绝对辐射定标。本文对此次地面同步测量数据进行了处理分析，基于反射率法计算出了CBERS-02CCD和SPOT-4HRVIR1两个传感器各波段的定标系数。其中，SPOT-4HRVIR1的定标结果与法国官方8月份提供的定标系数相比，差异在6％内，满足法方对绝对辐射定标精度的要求。此外，应用定标系数分别将两个传感器的图像数据反演成地表反射率图像，对它们进行了对比分析。     

Development of a cloud detection method from whole-sky color images

A method is proposed for detecting clouds from whole-sky color images obtained with an all-sky camera (ASC) system. In polar regions, cloud detection using whole-sky images usually suffers from large uncertainties in fractional cloud cover retrievals because of large solar zenith angles (SZAs) and high surface albedo, which cause “whitening” in the images. These problems are addressed by using differences between real images and virtual clear-sky images for a particular observation time with the same SZA. The method is applied to ASC images obtained at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard in May of 2005–2007, and the results are compared with Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements. When no clouds were detected by MPL, the false cloud detection rate from ASC classification was 2.1% in total hours. Conversely, when clouds were detected by MPL, the ASC classification underestimated the clouds by 11.6%. In most cases, this occurred when MPL detected very optically thin clouds. Furthermore, the variability of cloud fractions estimated by MPL and ASC was roughly constant regardless of the SZA. Thus, it is confirmed that the method developed in this study is valid for cloud detection from whole-sky color images.     

HJ-1A CCD与TM数据及其估算草地LAI和鲜生物量效果比较分析

基于地面实测和PROSAIL模型模拟数据,研究了新型传感器HJ-1ACCD与TM数据一致性问题,分析了传感器天顶角和光谱相应函数差异的影响,对比两种传感器数据估算草地LAI和鲜生物量的效果,得出以下结论:(1)HJ-1ACCD和TM反射率数据的拟合系数R2在0.7322和0.9205左右,在反射率较小时,两种传感器数据一致性较好;随着反射率增大,HJ-1ACCD数值逐渐高于TM。总体而言,在可见光和近红外波段,两种传感器较为接近,其中红波段最接近。(2)两种传感器的NDVI数据一致性非常高,且受传感器天顶角和光谱响应函数影响作用较小(相对误差约为0.34%—0.53%),而反射率的相对差别在3.34%—9.54%。(3)传感器天顶角较光谱响应函数对反射率影响更大。(4)基于HJ-1ACCD反射率数据估算草地LAI和鲜生物量效果较好,其中以CCD2传感器估算效果最好。     

Alta U9000相机噪声的测试与分析

CCD在成像过程中不可避免地引入一定的噪声,这些噪声将对以图像检测为基础的CCD各种工程应用带来误差。本文分析了各种CCD噪声的来源及其数学性质,并对科学级CCD Alta U9000相机的各种噪声进行了量化分析,给出了暗电流噪声、成像电路噪声及随机噪声的变化规律;对不同积分时间的图像进行了噪声抑制实验。实验证明,根据对U9000 CCD噪声的预先测试数据,其噪声中的暗电流噪声、成像电路噪声等系统噪声可以得到很大的抑制,而随机噪声无法抑制。     

A method for assessment of excavation damaged zone (EDZ) of a rock mass and its application to a dam foundation case

Excavation of slope is an unloading process, and also an energy releasing process when the stress in the rock mass is unloaded, leading to the rebounding deformation towards the free face. And then a zone, namely excavation damaged zone (EDZ), will be formed near the excavation boundary, where the rock is damaged or disturbed and its physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties are greatly changed. This paper is to put forward a new method to quantify the extent and damage degree of the EDZ according to the unloading strain energy which is released in the process of excavation. A simple relationship between unloading strain ε and accumulative opening displacement T of cracks, , is proposed to describe the damage degree of rock mass in the EDZ, where h is the depth variable in normal direction of the open cracks.This method is used to assess the EDZ of the dam foundation at Xiaowan hydropower station in southwestern China by the accumulative opening displacement curves of cracks along boreholes based on boreholes camera photos. We find that the EDZ can be naturally divided into two sub-zones, i.e. the excavation heavily disturbed sub-zone (EHDZ) and excavation slightly disturbed sub-zone (ESDZ), according to the variation of unloading strain ε. Two inflexions of the accumulative opening displacement curve indicate the lower limits of EHDZ and ESDZ respectively.     

地震数据采集器关键技术研究

介绍为满足地震监测要求而应用于地震数据采集器设计的一些关键技术,详细分析影响地震数据采集器的信噪比、时钟精度和标定系统精度的原因,并提出相关设计方法,给出设计实例.     

自动气象站现场校准和传感器调整方法探讨

讨论在自动气象站现场校准中一些需要改进的校准方法和超差传感器的调整方法。在将近2年对74个自动气象站的温湿度传感器、风向风速传感器、气压传感器、雨量和蒸发传感器的现场校准中,不断改进校准方法,对超差传感器进行调整。结果表明:气温传感器和风向传感器的校准方法需要改进,湿度传感器、气压传感器、雨量和蒸发传感器超差时可进行适当调整,使传感器误差值达到最小。     

不同方法萃取的溶解无机碳的δ13C值比较分析

为了测定水中溶解无机碳的δ13C值,通常可以利用两种方法对水中的DIC进行萃取:沉淀法和脱气法。但是,一直以来未有研究对这两种方法萃取同一水样DIC的δ13C值之间的差异进行对比分析,尤其是对于具有高CO2分压(pCO2)的水样。本文对两组分别代表深部岩溶系统(高pCO2)和表层岩溶系统(低pCO2)的水样分别同时利用这两种萃取方法萃取其DIC然后测定δ13CDIC值。对比发现利用脱气法萃取物测定得到的δ13CDIC值要显著高于利用沉淀法萃取物测定得到的δ13CDIC值。这是因为在脱气法萃取DIC的过程中,由于水的pCO2高于大气的pCO2,水中富含12C的CO2通过扩散作用逃逸到大气中,从而使δ13CDIC值偏正。这表明利用沉淀法萃取物测定的δ13CDIC值的精度要高于脱气萃取法的精度。对两种DIC萃取方法萃取物测定的δ13CDIC值之间的差与水样和大气之间的CO2分压差进行分析后发现,两者之间具有较好的正相关关系。由于深部岩溶系统的水样具有很高的pCO2,富含12C的CO2向大气逸出的量相对较多,从而导致相应的深部岩溶系统线性关系的斜率和截距均比表层岩溶系统的线性关系的斜率和截距为大。文中所建立的这些线性关系为校正脱气法萃取物测定得到的δ13CDIC值提供了一个可能的经验校正公式。