Teaching Methods,the Herbartian Revolution and Douglas Clay Ridgley at Illinois State Normal University

Abstract

Teaching methods in the 1880s and 1890s were influenced by the energies and publications of the Herbartians from Illinois State Normal University. Memorization was replaced by inductive questioning, field trips and the use of visual aids. Four men and one woman were followed by Douglas Clay Ridgley who built up the geography major and made tools for the teachers. Name recognition is now weak but much of what they taught is now accepted and practiced.     

G. Stanley Hall,Child Study,and the Teaching of Geography

Abstract

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924), founding president of Clark University, was a leader in the child study movement and a significant figure in psychology and education in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Hall had pronounced opinions on many educational subjects, including the teaching of geography. His criticisms and program for the reform of school geography were based on a mix of European ideas of heimatkunde or “home geography,” developmental or “genetic” psychology, and his work in the child study and nature study movements. This article traces Hall's involvement with geographic pedagogy from the 1880s through World War I, including his sponsorship of the first American Ph.D. dissertation in the teaching of geography, completed at Clark in 1906.     

广州金沙洲广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降形成机理研究

依据地下水动态监测、地面沉降监测和地质钻探的成果,综合研究广州市金沙洲广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降地带的地质构造、人类工程活动特征、岩土体类型、第四系厚度、地层与岩石等因素对地面沉降的影响,分析研究区内地面沉降的动态演变特征。结果表明:脆弱的地质环境条件是广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降形成的内在因素,开挖基坑、桩基础施工及抽排地下水是地面沉降形成的外在因素。在此基础上,得出学校地面沉降是因软土层在抽排地下水及地面附加荷载的共同作用下产生排水固结的结果。     

The free amino acid composition of seawater obtained without desalting and preconcentration

A conventional amino acid analyzer was modified to allow detection of dissolved free amino acids in a direct injection of 0.5 to 2.0 ml of seawater. The amino acids were monitored fluorimetrically by reaction with o-phthaldialdehyde after column chromatography. The accuracies of two commonly employed desalting methods, cation exchange resin and copper Chelex, were determined by comparison with the direct injection method. After correcting the results of the desalting methods for the procedural blank and recovery rate for each individual amino acid, the amino acid compositions on a mole percent basis as determined by these methods resembled approximately the true composition determined by direct injection. However, on an absolute basis the cation resin method overestimates and the copper Chelex method underestimates the total amount of dissolved free amino acids. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. Using the direct injection method, the spectra of dissolved free amino acids in surface seawater samples from different locations were determined. As opposed to the relatively uniform patterns reported in most past investigations, the amino acid spectra found were highly variable. In a number of samples, the acidic amino acids dominated the spectra. Valine was also high in many samples. In a depth profile the deep samples were dominated by arginine. Application of the method to real-time shipboard analyses of dissolved free amino acids is discussed.     

基于SWOT分析的广州大学城可持续发展研究

采用SWOT框架分析认为,如何有效地利用现有资源,提高大学城的核心竞争力,打造强大的广东省高等教育产业体系,是广州大学城建设中急需解决的重要问题.对此提出,用科学的人力资源观拓展高校师资队伍建设思路,优化高校进城模式,培育高校根植性,调整广东高等教育产业结构等对策和建议.     

基于SketchUp与ArcGIS的虚拟校园建设

虚拟现实技术是直观有效表达客观世界的主要方法之一,在建筑、家居装饰、市政交通、城乡规划和地理信息系统等诸多领域均获得了广泛的应用。本文通过SketchUp与ArcGIS技术对虚拟校园的建设进行了探讨和研究,实现了北京城市学院本部校区虚拟校园的建设,为学校的招生、宣传、规划、建设、管理等提供三维可视化的参考信息。     

基于扎根理论和探索性因子分析的大学生地方认同维度研究——以武汉大学为例

为探索大学生地方认同的组成结构,以武汉大学为例,通过非结构访谈手段获取第一手研究资料,运用扎根理论分析大学生地方认同维度,并在此基础上设计调查问卷,利用探索性因子分析方法进一步分析大学生地方认同维度结构特征。研究发现：武汉大学大学生地方认同具有认知、情感、行为、自我效能和承诺5个维度的结构特征;学生对学校的地方认同较高;入学时间、所属学部、高考志愿、籍贯是地方认同形成的主要影响因素。大学生的个人背景（年级、所属学部、高考志愿、籍贯）不同,在地方认同及其各个维度上有较大差异。     

Bearing capacity of spatially random rock masses obeying Hoek–Brown failure criterion

This paper presents a probabilistic analysis to compute the probability density function of the bearing capacity of a strip footing resting on a spatially varying rock mass. The rock is assumed to follow the generalised Hoek–Brown failure criterion. The uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock (σc) was considered as a random field and the geological strength index was modelled as a random variable. The uncertainty propagation methodology employed in the analysis is the sparse polynomial chaos expansion. A global sensitivity analysis based on Sobol indices was performed. Some numerical results were presented and discussed.     

Cretaceous amber inclusions of Spain and Myanmar demonstrate early diversification and wide dispersal of Cephenniitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage.