论校园规划建设的文化底蕴——成都信息工程学院校园规划探析

大学是传承文化和创新文化的场所,是培养高素质人才的基地,校园规划和建设离不开大学的这种质的规定性。对大学文化的内涵、性质和大学精神认识愈充分,愈具体,就愈能判断和把握大学规划和建设的指导思想应表现出的文化底蕴。校园文化承载着大学精神,今天的大学精神就是创新、科学、自由和人文精神,大学校园规划、布局、建设、设计的美学要求就要体现大学的精神。这是指导校园规划与建设的思想原则、出发点和归宿。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组豹皮灰岩特征及其成因

在野外剖面观察与勘测的基础上,应用岩石薄片鉴定、地球化学分析和包裹体测温等方法,开展了鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组沉积与成岩序列、碳酸盐岩岩相及地球化学特征研究,并分析和探讨了马四段和马六段豹皮灰岩的特征及其成因。鄂尔多斯盆地南部金粟山剖面马六段B亚段可划分为3个准层序组,其中下部2个准层序组以豹皮灰岩为主,且自下向上云斑的连续性及白云化程度呈现增强的趋势。云斑由有序度较高的自形-半自形白云石构成,具有相对较高的δ¹³C值和相对较低的 δ¹⁸O 及 ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 值,贫Fe、Mn等元素,包裹体均一温度及盐度较高。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地马四段和马六段的豹皮灰岩主要形成于埋藏阶段,是低海平面期渗入生物钻孔的蒸发海水在埋深和地温增加过程中白云化作用的结果。     

生态足迹理论与资源节约型学校建设

以河南大学为例,把生态足迹成分法的基本原理和计算方法运用于资源节约型学校建设。结果表明：2006年河南大学总生态足迹为18081．1hm^2,生态效率为1．29人／hm^2,生态消耗强度为0．78hm^2／人;该校的生态足迹中,煤炭、食物、电力和垃圾的比重分别占总生态足迹的10．79％,56．01％,16．44％和11．49％,4种成分合计占94．73％。建议采取有效措施,降低校园生态足迹,提高校园生态效率,促进资源节约型学校建设。     

Persistent organic pollutants in marine biota of São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago,Brazil

Remote islands, such as the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA), Brazil, are pristine areas. However, these locations are not exempt from the arrival of anthropogenic agents, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and distribution of POPs in the marine biota of the SPSPA. Sample extractions were performed using a microwave-assisted method. The predominant compounds were PCBs and DDTs, which respectively had mean wet weight concentrations of 62.23 and 9.23 ng g⁻¹ in the tropical two-wing flying fish (Exocoetus volitans), 78.66 and 6.81 ng g⁻¹ in the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) and 43.40 and 3.03 ng g⁻¹ in the red rock crab (Grapsus grapsus). Low levels of contaminants suggest a relative degree of isolation. Occurrence and distribution profiles of PCBs support long-range atmospheric transport as the main source of contamination and demonstrate the ubiquity of these pollutants in the marine environment.     

East and Midwest in American Academic Geography: Two Prosopographic Notes

This paper reexamines the conventional wisdom concerning the Midwestern origins of American academic geography at the doctoral level. Prosopographic analysis of 34 Ph.D.s awarded in geography between 1893 and 1921 finds that these were largely earned in Eastern universities, and that both Eastern and Midwestern institutions awarding doctorates in the field drew students primarily from the home region. By contrast, prosopographic examination of a second and later group, the faculty and graduate students at Clark University between 1921 and 1946, discloses an interregional pattern of recruitment closely tied to Midwestern institutions. Paradoxically, though sited in an Eastern university, early Clark geography was substantially Midwestern in personnel and program. Further institutional and prosopographic study of the early sites of graduate study is needed to reveal the complexity of American academic geography in its formative period.     

Strain‐softening analysis of a spherical cavity

This paper studies the excavation of a spherical cavity subjected to hydrostatic initial stresses in the infinite homogeneous and isotropic rock mass with strain‐softening Mohr–Coulomb (M‐C) and Hoek–Brown (H‐B) behaviors. Numerical solutions of the spherical cavity are obtained and the application to determining stress–strain curve of strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass is studied. A closed‐form solution for the elastic–brittle–plastic medium is introduced first, and then a numerical procedure that simplifies the strain‐softening process into a series of brittle–plastic ones is presented. The approach is validated against the facts that the strain‐softening process evolves into a brittle–plastic one when the softening slope is very steep, whereas it evolves into an elasto‐plastic one when the softening slope approaches zero. Numerical solutions for the prediction of displacements and stresses around the spherical cavity in the strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass are presented. On the basis of the analysis of the spherical cavity in strain‐softening rock mass, the stress–strain relationship at an infinitesimal cube around the cavity is obtained and discussed with different evolution laws for the strength parameters considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西安某高校中水回用工程实例研究

针对目前许多城市将新型大学园区规划在城郊风景区域,远离城市市政管网,大学园区内污水处理和资源化这一个特殊问题,提出具有普遍应用性的解决方案。研究校区内生活、办公过程中产生的废水进行生物处理,使之达到中水水质标准,作为校区内的生活杂用水,用来冲厕、绿化、冲洗和水景用水,达到水资源的重复利用,节约资源的目的。     

秦皇岛海域“褐潮”海水对卤虫、轮虫存活和摄食的影响研究

为评价秦皇岛褐潮现场海水的毒性,作者利用HPLC技术及CHEMTAX,分析了2013年7月2日采自秦皇岛褐潮高峰期微型及微微型浮游植物的色素组成及群落结构;测定了卤虫(Artemia salina)、轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)存活率和摄食量。研究表明,褐潮海水微型及微微型浮游植物中,海金藻(Pelagophyceae)占主要优势,其生物量占总生物量的72.6%。褐潮海水抑制卤虫存活,卤虫48 h存活率降至77%;对轮虫24 h存活没有显著效应。此外,褐潮海水抑制卤虫、轮虫的摄食,卤虫、轮虫8 h内摄食量分别由(5.5±0.4)ng/个降至(2.4±0.4)ng/个、由(1.5±0.2)ng/个下降至(0.9±0.1)ng/个。该结果与美国的3株褐潮藻的毒性进行了比较。CCMP 1507对卤虫存活有显著抑制作用,其他两株没有显著效应;3株褐潮藻对轮虫24 h存活都没有显著影响。暴露于3株褐潮藻中,卤虫的摄食量均显著较低;其中CCMP 1507在混合饵料中还抑制卤虫、轮虫对其他藻的摄食。对CCMP 1507各组分分析发现,该藻的毒性主要来源于藻细胞。结合现场试验与室内试验结果分析表明,秦皇岛褐潮对卤虫、轮虫有一定的毒性,其毒性与CCMP 1507的毒性相当。     

Global and regional ridge patterns on Mars

Over 16,000 wrinkle ridges on Mars have been classified, mapped, and digitized to provide a large computer-accessible data base for analyzing regions subjected to possible compressive stresses. The survey has revealed major compressive structures that occur well beyond the Tharsis-dominated hemisphere. The large variety of affected geologic terrains indicate stresses not simply localized in the intercrater plains. One major area of inferred compression occurs in the southern cratered highlands near longitude 180°W where major ridges and scarps extend over 3000 km. The occurrence and orientation of many ridges are locally controlled by ancient impact basins. The Chryse basin in particular has an important effect on ridges in northern Lunae Planum. The removal of all basin-concentric ridges reveals, however, a complex global pattern. Although such patterns may yet be controlled by heavily degraded impact basins, major regional trends also emerge that appear to require broader scale global stresses. Most ridges in the Western Hemisphere are shown to be orthogonal to three centers corresponding to Tharsis (1°N, 122°W), Syria (12°S, 104°W), and Chryse (19°N, 47°W). Ridges not included in these three sets are generally more random and highly localized. Most, but by no means all, ridges in the Eastern Hemisphere are controlled by the Hellas and Isidis basins. A simple global grid is not yet identifiable and may not be recognizable owing to the large number of regional patterns.