Basic Types and Structural Characteristics of Uplifts: An Overview of Sedimentary Basins in China

The uplift is a positive structural unit of the crust. It is an important window for continental dynamics owing to its abundant structural phenomena, such as fault, fold, unconformity and denudation of strata. Meanwhile, it is the very place to store important minerals like oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Giant and large-scale oil and gas fields in China, such as the Daqing Oilfield, Lunnan-Tahe Oilfield, Penglai 19-3 Oilfield, Puguang Gas Field and Jingbian Gas Field, are developed mainly on uplifts. Therefore, it is the main target both for oil and gas exploration and for geological study. The uplift can be either a basement uplift, or one developed only in the sedimentary cover. Extension, compression and wrench or their combined forces may give rise to uplifts. The development process of uplifting, such as formation, development, dwindling and destruction, can be taken as the uplifting cycle. The uplifts on the giant Precambrian cratons are large in scale with less extensive structural deformation. The uplifts on the medium- and small-sized cratons or neo-cratons are formed in various shapes with strong structural deformation and complicated geological structure. Owing to changes in the geodynamic environment, uplift experiences a multi-stage or multi-cycle development process. Its geological structure is characterized in superposition of multi-structural layers. Based on the basement properties, mechanical stratigraphy and development sequence, uplifts can be divided into three basic types ? the succession, superposition and destruction ones. The succession type is subdivided into the maintaining type and the lasting type. The superposition type can be subdivided into the composite anticlinal type, the buried-hill draped type, the faulted uplift type and the migration type according to the different scales and superimposed styles of uplifts in different cycles. The destruction type is subdivided into the tilting type and the negative inverted type. The development history of uplifts and their controlling effects on sedimentation and fluids are quite different from one another, although the uplifts with different structural types store important minerals. Uplifts and their slopes are the main areas for oil and gas accumulation. They usually become the composite oil and gas accumulation zones (belts) with multiple productive formations and various types of oil and gas reservoirs.     

天津市蓟县系雾迷山组热储层水位动态变化及趋势预测研究

通过对天津市蓟县系雾迷山组热储层地下水位动态规律的分析,利用LUMPFIT软件预测了在不同开采量下未来水位的变化规律。结果表明,水位呈逐年下降的趋势,但由于回灌量的增加,水位下降速率明显减小。     

福建安海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及其现代沉积过程分析

通过对福建安海湾表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,应用系统聚类分析、粒径趋势模型和切应力计算公式,探讨了研究区粒度的分布特征、沉积环境分区、表层沉积物输运趋势及其影响因素.研究结果表明,研究区包括6种表层沉积物类型,以黏土质粉砂和粉砂为主,沉积物大体呈现自海湾两侧潮滩向潮汐通道变粗的分布趋势.表层沉积物粒度的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,湾口附近及湾内深槽内,细颗粒的沉积物被再悬浮带走,粗颗粒的含量增大;在湾内潮滩上,悬浮物质因水动力作用逐渐减弱发生分选沉降,形成向岸变细的横向分异.海湾外泥沙随潮流不断地向海湾东侧岸滩运移,海湾周边陆源来沙由湾顶部往湾口方向下泄,两者是导致表层沉积物出现明显的顺时针方向汇聚趋势的原因之一;表层沉积物的输运趋势、悬浮泥沙的输运、潮滩植被与湾口沙嘴的遮蔽效应共同影响了研究区内浅滩地形的形成和变化.研究区可分为四类沉积环境区,以潮滩和潮汐通道环境为主,不同沉积区内的粒度参数、粒级频率和敏感粒级均有差异,动力条件差异和不同物源的影响程度是现代沉积环境格局的主要影响因素.     

东海陆架盆地南部中生代演化与动力学转换过程

东海陆架盆地处于欧亚板块东南缘,其构造演化、动力学机制转换同太平洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞及印度-澳大利亚板块远程推挤效应有关。中生代以来,该盆地形成和演化过程受到古太平洋板块多期俯冲及多构造体系的叠加改造,地质构造和地球物理场复杂,盆地演化及动力学过程等一直是争论的焦点。本文利用最新调查资料,通过构造物理模拟实验、构造解析和平衡地质复原剖面等方法,结合区域构造背景,系统分析了东海陆架盆地中生代演化过程,探讨了其构造动力学转换过程。研究认为东海陆架盆地自中生代以来经历了晚三叠世前的被动大陆边缘和晚三叠世-中侏罗世活动大陆边缘挤压坳陷型盆地阶段,挤压应力来源于伊泽奈崎板块向欧亚大陆板块的低角度俯冲;早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世活动陆缘伸展断陷型盆地阶段,应力来源于太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲后撤导致的岩石圈减薄作用;古近纪为弧后伸展断陷型盆地阶段。同时认为东海陆架盆地古特提斯构造域向古太平洋构造域转换的时间应该发生在中三叠世末期,古太平洋板块低角度俯冲和俯冲后撤代表华南中生代深部地质过程。     

块系岩体非协调动力响应特征试验研究

岩体在块系构造状态下的动力传播存在块体和块体间软弱介质的非协调变形现象，对岩体结构的动力稳定产生重要影响。目前块系岩体的非协调动力传播响应研究尚不充分，导致不能进行有效的动力响应特征识别。通过试验对块系岩体非协调动力传播过程岩块动力响应特征进行研究，分别从动力传播速度、岩块加速度振幅衰减、岩块振动位移响应、岩块振动持续时间、块体动能显现、块体振动频域响应特性等方面对比纵波传播，给出块系岩体非协调动力传播的特征分析。通过分析可知，块系介质非协调变形运动产生的动力传播现象相比于纵波传播是一种低频低速波，并伴随着岩块的大位移运动，同时岩块振动持续时间较长，蕴含着动能与势能的相互转换过程，这些现象构成了块系岩体非协调动力传播的重要特征。该研究将为识别岩体非协调动力传播特征及块系岩体的冲击预警波动特征识别提供参考。     

人工固沙区一年生植物小画眉草种群异速生长动态研究

通过对沙坡头人工固沙区一年生植物4 a的连续观测,我们得到对于一年生植物来讲水分竞争是个体分异的根本原因,种群中个体间的竞争主要是对有限水分的争夺.随着水分梯度的变化,小画眉草种群从一开始的没有竞争到为有限水分而发生的根系竞争.水分条件的暂时好转,个体又把大量能量用于建造茎杆、枝叶等支持组织,光竞争能力随之加强.发育出较多浅层须根系用于在降雨季节迅速吸收降水是一年生植物非常有利的一个竞争手段.     

浑善达克沙地遥感监测研究

基于对20世纪80年代、90年代和2002年3期陆地卫星影像的解译,通过统计计算和对比分析方法,研究了浑善达克沙地20多年来植被和土地覆盖的变化情况。结果表明,浑善达克沙地内部植被退化总趋势明显,东、西部各形成了一个植被重度受损区;由于沙地周边的湿地和灌木丛环、沙地内部湿地形成的网状结构对沙地的扩张有一定的抑制作用,同时人类活动的强度和作用时间还比较有限,而且现在的气候不像沙地形成时那样恶劣,虽然沙地内部植被发生退化,但沙地总体范围保持相对稳定;近年来沙地退化趋势受到一定的抑制,主要得益于生态建设工程的实施和禁牧封育等措施。另外,对沙地的保护与利用进行了探讨,提出了有参考价值的建议。     

基于EMD的山东省GDP增长与耕地变化的关系

本文首次用EMD方法,对山东省的经济增长与耕地面积变化关系进行比较分析,试图找出两者的互动关系,以期对山东省的耕地资源保护有所借鉴。研究结果表明:山东省GDP增长的波动周期为13年、23年、37年和55年;山东省耕地变化的周期为9年、13年、37年和55年。这充分证明了GDP增长的波动对山东省耕地周期性变化的驱动作用。到2015年前后,山东省经济增长的耕地代价性损失将大大减少,耕地数量将维持在一个相对稳定的水平,经济增长和耕地数量减少进入一个良性的发展阶段。最后,本文首次尝试建立有周期的动力学模型,对山东省未来20年的耕地面积变化进行了预测。     

基于DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据的中国1995-2008年电力消费量时空动态研究(英文)

Electric power consumption (EPC) is one of the basic indices for evaluating electric power use. Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is crucial for understanding and practical deployment of electric power resources. In this study, an EPC model was developed using stable nighttime lights time-series data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). The model was used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of EPC in Chinese Mainland at the county level from 1995 to 2008. In addition, the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC were analyzed, and the fol-lowing conclusions were drawn. (1) The EPC model reliably represented the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Chinese Mainland with approximately 70% accuracy. (2) The EPC in most regions of Chinese Mainland was at low to moderate levels, with marked temporal and spatial variations; of high-level EPC, 58.26% was concentrated in eastern China. Six urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, middle-south of Liaoning Province, and Sichuan Basin) accounted for 10.69% of the total area of Chinese Mainland but consumed 39.23% of the electricity. (3) The EPC of most regions in Chinese Mainland increased from 1995 to 2008, and 64% of the mainland area showed a significant increase in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC were found in 61.62% of eastern China and 80.65% of central China from 1995 to 2008, whereas 75.69% of western China showed no significant increase in EPC. Meanwhile, 77.27%, 89.35%, and 66.72% of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula, respectively, showed high-speed increases in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC occurred in 71.12% and 72.13% of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and middle-south of Liaoning Province, respectively, while no significant increase occurred in 56.34% of the Sichuan Basin.     

拉果错盐湖卤水蒸发过程中Li+富集行为的分子动力学模拟(英文)

采用分子动力学模拟,研究了西藏拉果错盐湖卤水中阴、阳离子以及水分子间的相互作用行为。以盐湖卤水等温蒸发过程中粒子浓度变化的四个阶段为研究对象,分别计算了不同体系的扩散系数、配位数、均方位移和径向分布函数。计算结果表明,液相浓度越低时,H₂O分子对各离子之间的相互作用有抑制作用,液相中离子浓度越高时,SO₄^2-易与CO₃^2-竞争Li⁺形成离子对,从而影响盐湖卤水中Li⁺的富集。本文研究结果对盐湖卤水中Li⁺的迁移行为作出了机理解释,为盐湖卤水提锂的发展奠定了理论基础。