地震资料观测系统定义软件的研究与开发

地震资料处理过程中,观测系统的定义是不可或缺的关键步骤之一。在实际工作中通过对地震勘探观测系统定义的需求研究,使用Visual C++2010IDE结合Qt自主开发了一套针对陆上与海上通用的观测系统定义软件,该软件支持跨平台运行,提供了灵活多样的布设模式、直观的图形显示、面元网格划分和质量控制方式,在实际工区的使用过程中具备很强的实用性和可扩展性。     

三维复杂域非结构化六面体网格全自动生成方法

使用自适应有限单元法在三维复杂域内求解水工及岩土工程问题,讨论了应用行波法在多介质三维复杂块体内六面体单元网格的自动生成过程。其特点是对不规则区域具有较强的适应性,并考虑了节理单元的自动生成。     

基于GP RMax的隧道衬砌检测数值模拟及应用

利用基于时间域有限差分法( FDTD)的GPRMax,针对常用的400、900、1500 MHz三种不同中心频率的天线,数值模拟了隧道衬砌不同钢筋网密度、不同钢筋直径及其下方的钢拱架、空气界面等目标体的探地雷达反射及干扰信号图像特征;在混凝土试件上开展实验研究,并运用克希霍夫积分偏移处理了数值模拟和实验数据,压制了钢筋的绕射波和多次波,提高了钢筋网下方弱反射信号的成像效果;通过对比分析数值模拟、实验测量和工程实测结果,为探地雷达在隧道衬砌检测中取得更好的探测效果提供了借鉴。     

3D GIS支持下盐腔围岩三维计算模型的生成

目前盐腔围岩蠕变模拟中计算网格生成多是理想化的,并没有充分利用真实探测数据。针对这些问题,提出了一种新的三维计算模型生成方法。借助HalfEdge数据结构,基于研究区域边界、DEM（digital element model,数字高程模型）和钻井数据,构建了研究区域地层三维模型;基于声纳测腔数据构建了盐腔三维模型,并对其进行了拓扑检查与修正;将地层三维模型与盐腔三维模型进行三维空间布尔运算,获取盐腔围岩三维模型;通过对该模型进行三维空间网格离散,得到盐腔围岩四面体网格单元,即数值模拟计算模型。通过该方法构建的三维计算模型,可以为后期盐腔围岩蠕变数值模拟过程提供有效的计算网格,进而可以为盐腔的建造,尤其是安全合理地利用盐腔提供科学依据和技术支持。     

组合式面板双绞合六边形钢丝网加筋土挡墙现场试验研究

为研究双绞合六边形钢丝网加筋土挡墙的受力、变形特性,对潭衡（湘潭－衡阳）西线高速公路K124+340断面组合式面板双绞合六边形钢丝网加筋土挡墙进行了现场试验,测试了竖向土压力、水平土压力、筋材拉应变分布规律和格宾箱变形规律。结果表明：在筋材长度方向上,竖向土压力在挡墙下部呈双峰型分布,而在上部呈单峰形分布;墙背水平土压力沿墙高呈非线性分布,最大值发生在墙高约1.5 m处,实测水平土压力小于主动压力;筋材应变在筋长方向上呈非线性分布,各层筋材的应变分布模式不相同;筋材的变形主要发生在施工期,格宾箱的变形呈鼓胀式     

Snow loads on wire mesh and cable net rockfall slope protection systems

Snow load on mesh systems is complicated by many factors. This paper presents field instrumentation data on snow load variation with temperature, snowfall and snow depth on a mesh system. It was found that snow load pattern on mesh systems changed with temperature even without variation in snow depth. It reached its maximum value when the temperature rose just above freezing to melt the interface. The field data was used to formulate appropriate snow load models for the various conditions of temperature in the field. The snow load models were used to study the performance of a number of mesh systems in North America and estimate the interface friction that was prevalent for the different surface conditions.     

“双碳”目标下长江中游城市群生态福利绩效演变及驱动机制研究

生态福利绩效是探析自然生态与人类福利关系、衡量生态文明建设的重要工具。论文运用Super-SBM模型测度2005—2020年长江中游城市群市域尺度生态福利绩效,在识别其时空演变特征的基础上,运用面板Tobit模型探讨驱动生态福利绩效演变的因子,最后在“碳达峰、碳中和”目标下揭示其演变的驱动机制。研究发现： ① 2005—2020年长江中游城市群生态福利绩效呈现出“缓慢衰退→波动→快速发展”的演变特征;② 长江中游城市群生态福利绩效总体上呈“核心—外围”态势,武汉城市圈、环长株潭城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群交界处“中部塌陷”特征明显;③ 长江中游城市群生态福利绩效时空演变是在技术进步、环境规制、产业结构、人口集聚、发展共享、对外开放等多因子循环累积和共同推动下形成的,存在内源转化与外源驱动双重作用路径,并且与碳排放强度密切相关。在“双碳”目标下揭示生态福利绩效时空演变及驱动机制,有助于厘清自然生态与人类福利的转化机理以及生态福利绩效与碳排放的作用关系,可为城市群高质量发展和生态文明建设提供参考。     

Global distributions of Fe,Al, Cu,and Zn contained in Earth's derma layers

To improve the usefulness and accuracy of modeling Earth's anthrobiogeochemical metal cycles, global maps at approximately 1° × 1° are produced of the concentrations and masses of Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn contained in continental sediments and soils. The maps generated utilize inverse distance weighting (IDW) and cokriging to generate new estimates for geospatially weighted mean global concentrations for these metallic micronutrients. Sediment metal concentration maps are generated from IDW of sediment samples; global soil maps are produced via cokriging upon an underlying parent rock dataset composed of both surface bedrock and sediment samples. Derived are independent estimates for the global mean concentrations in continental sediments (Fe = 3.1 wt.%, Al = 6.1 wt.%, Cu = 45 μg/g, Zn = 86 μg/g) and soils (Fe = 2.5 wt.%, Al = 3.9 wt.%, Cu = 17 μg/g, Zn = 50 μg/g). While continental sediment concentrations for Cu are within the range of previous estimates, Zn concentrations are relatively higher, ~ 20 μg/g above previous estimates. Fe and Al are slightly depleted (~ 1 wt.%) in continental sediments relative to previous estimates, likely ascribable to sampling bias and error inherent in the comparative methodologies. Besides an estimated global mean, metal concentrations in soils are also broken down by FAO soil group. Metal masses in sediments and soils remain within 30% of previous, non-spatial estimates. These maps also illustrate the discernable spatial variability across the Earth's surface. Despite data gaps, maps of metal mass show regional patterns such as the high quantities of Al in the soils and biomass of the Amazonia and Congo regions. Concentrations of metals are relatively high in the anthrosols of China. Finally, this analysis highlights those areas for which generating and providing publically available geochemical data should be prioritized. For instance, gypsisols, lixisols, and nitisols have little to no analytical data available on metal contents. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the most poorly constrained soil metal concentrations occur in the thick, old tropical soils of central Africa and the anthrosols of eastern China.     

An adaptive finite element model for wellbore breakout simulation

A finite element formulation is proposed and implemented for analysing the stability of excavated wells using the DiMaggio-Sandler constitutive elastoplastic model with a typical carbonate reservoir configuration. The quality of the finite element approximation is ensured by applying smooth curved elements adapted to the wellbore geometry, and h − p adaptive finite element meshes in the plastic zone. General purpose procedures are defined to transfer the elastoplastic deformation history to newly created integration points. A breakout damage criterion is proposed based on the second invariant of the deviatoric plastic deformation tensor. This damage criterion is used to apply a mesh movement algorithm to represent material collapse. The automatic successive application of the breakout damage criterion results in elliptical realistically looking geometries obtained in experiments reported in the literature.     

喷锚与桩锚支护在中南花园酒店深基坑工程中的应用

针对中南花园酒店深基坑极为复杂的地质条件和周边环境,采用喷锚与桩锚联合支护的方案,保证了基坑施工和周边建筑物及地下管线的安全,降低了工程成本,缩短了工期,可为类似工程的设计与施工提供借鉴。