ADS40机载数字传感器平差数学模型及其试验

ADS40是一种集成POS的新型高分辨率机载三线阵扫描数字传感器,飞行过程同步记录影像数据和POS数据。POS的精度不能满足高精度的制图应用,要获取更高精度、更高可靠性的定向数据,必须进行空中三角测量。从共线条件方程出发,结合线阵影像的成像特点,用两种方法推导并建立光束法平差的数学模型并给出试验结果。     

基于ADS40的海岛航空影像空中三角测量精度分析

利用ADS40线阵数字相机获取的影像,选取典型岛屿区域,分别采用了基站差分无控制点参与平差计算、基站差分有控制点参与平差计算、精密单点定位无控制点参与平差计算和精密单点定位有控制点参与平差计算四种方案进行试验和精度分析,得出了试验结论。     

The mineralogy and possible sources of spring dust particles over Beijing

A severe Asian Dust Storm （ADS） event occurred on 16-17 April 2006 in northern China. The mineral compositions of dust samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results indicated that dust particles of the ＂17 April 2006＂ dust storm were dominated by quartz （37.4%） and clay （32.9%）, followed by plagioclase （13.7%）, with small amounts of calcite, K-feldspar, dolomite, hornblende and gypsum （all less than 10%）. The clay fractions with diameter less than 2 μm were separated from the dust storm particles by centrifuging and were further analyzed by XRD. The results revealed that the clay species were mainly illite/smectite mixed layers （I/S） （49%） and illite （34%）, with small amount of kaolinite （8%） and chlorite （9%）.
In order to evaluate the feasibility of using the mineralogy to trace the sources of dust particles, the XRD results of the ＂17 April 2006＂ dustfall particles were compared with the dust particles over past years. The results confirmed that the finer dust particles represented by the ADS PM10 displayed a smaller quartz/clay ratio than the dustfall particles. The dust storm particles, either from the ADS PM10 or from the ＂17 April 2006＂ dustfall, showed a lower level of dolomite contents and lower dolomite/clay ratios compared with the non-dust storm dustfall particles. This implies that dolomite could be used to distinguish between the dust contributions from local and non-local sources. Similar trends were found for the gypsum and the gypsum/clay ratio. Moreover, the two dustfall samples had a lower level of illite/smectite mixed layers and a higher level of illite than airborne PM10, implying that the dustfall particles tend to be enriched with illite in its clay fraction.     

Speckle observations with PISCO in Merate: IV. Astrometric measurements of visual binaries in 2005

We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries made during the second semester of 2005, with the speckle camera PISCO at the 102 cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our sample contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. The purpose of this long term program is to improve the accuracy of the orbits and determine the masses of the components. We performed 130 new observations of 120 objects, with most of the angular separations in the range 0″.1–4″, and with an average accuracy of 0″.01. Most of the position angles could be determined without the usual 180. ambiguity with the application of triple‐correlation techniques, and their mean error is 0°8. We have found a possible new triple system: ADS 11077. The measurements of the closest binaries were made with a new data reduction procedure, based on model fitting of the background of the auto‐correlations. As this procedure proved to be very efficient, we have re‐processed the old observations of close binaries made with PISCO in Merate since 2004. We thus improved 20 measurements already published and obtained 7 new measurements for observations that were previously reported as “unresolved”. We finally present revised orbits for ADS 684, MCA 55Aac (in the Beta 1 Cyg–Albireo multiple system) and ADS 14783 for which the previously published orbits led to large residuals with our measurements and for which the new observations made since their computation allowed a significant improvement of those old orbits. The sum of the masses that we derived for those systems are consistent with the spectral type of the stars and the dynamic parallaxes are in good agreement with the parallaxes measured by Hipparcos. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于自检校的机载线阵CCD传感器几何标定

将基于附加参数的自检校光束法区域网平差技术应用于机载线阵CCD传感器几何标定中,以ADS40为对象,分析集成传感器成像几何关系,引入GPS观测值数学模型和IMU视轴偏心角模型,建立用于标定的自检校光束法区域网平差模型;在深入分析机载三线阵CCD传感器成像误差特性的基础上,建立有效的相机标定参数模型;并采用检校场ADS40数据进行了标定试验,结果表明几何标定方法可行有效,可显著提高测量精度和可靠性。     

ADS80彩红外影像在DEM匹配中的应用

Leica ADS80是目前最先进的推扫式机载数字航空摄影测量系统之一。1次飞行就可以同时获取前视、下视和后视的具有100%重叠、连续无缝的影像。所有影像具有相同影像分辨率,包括红、绿、蓝、近红外、全色(R、G、B、IR、PAN)5个波段,具有较好的光谱特征。基于ADS80影像的这一特点,研究了利用其光谱特征来提高DEM匹配可靠性的方法。     

利用ADS 40影像数据快速制作DOM方法探讨

结合笔者多年DOM制作经验,针对ADS 40数据源及相应处理软件的变化,不断探索DOM制作工艺流程,并总结改进了一套效率高、成图周期短的工艺流程。针对生产的基本要求进行了详细说明,并举例介绍了试生产情况。     

利用双高度层ADS40影像进行区域网空中三角测量

空中三角测量是利用航摄像片与被摄目标之间的空间几何位置关系,根据少量的野外控制点,计算节点的平面坐标与高程以及航摄像片的外方位元素的方法,是摄影测量过程中的重要环节。随着导航定位技术的发展,高精度POS装置被广泛安装到航拍飞机上,用于记录航拍时刻相机的位置与姿态,从而进行辅助空中三角测量。本文研究利用双高度层的ADS40航线影像,结合POS数据,利用一定数量的控制点,基于ORIMA软件进行空中三角测量,并对其解算精度与同一区域单高度层航线影像的空三精度进行比较。     

ADS 40/80数字航摄仪特点及应用研究

结合目前常见的几种数字航摄仪,以对比的方法简要介绍了ADS 40/80相机的特点,并从ADS航摄影像的用户角度,对ADS相机在应用中涉及的几点关键技术,特别是成图的几何精度问题,进行了阐述和研究.     

Mineralogical characteristics of airborne particles collected in Beijing during a severe Asian dust storm period in spring 2002

Asian dust storm (ADS) samples were collected on March 20,2002 in Beijing,China. High-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detector (FESEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the morphology,chemical compositions,number-size dis-tributions and mineralogical compositions of ADS particles. The mineral particles were major compo-nents in the ADS samples,accounting for 94% by number. The XRD analysis indicated that the dust particles were dominated by clay (40.3%),and quartz (19.5%),followed by plagioclase (8.4%),calcite (7.5%),K-feldspar (1.5%),hematite (0.9%),pyrite (0.9%),hornblende (0.4%) and gypsum (0.3%),with a certain amount of noncrystalline materials (20.3%). Clay minerals were mainly illite/smectite mixed lay-ers (78%),followed by illite (9%),kaolinite (6%),and chlorite (7%). In addition to these main minerals,FESEM-EDX also detected some trace minerals,such as dolomite,pyrite,thenardite,as well as heavy minerals represented by rutile,ilmenite and apatite. The mineralogical compositions of the 2002-03-20 Asian dust storm and the Saharan dust plumes were similar but the clay mineralogy showed a great distinction,with the illite/smectite mixed layers being common in the Asian dust storm but illite being common in the Saharan dust plumes.