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21.
Interaction between slab-derived melt and mantle peridotite and the role of slab melt as a metasomatizing agent in the sub-arc mantle is being increasingly recognized. Adakite, the slab melt erupted on the surface, usually exhibits anomalously high MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni contents that indicate interaction with mantle peridotitite. Here we note that Cenozoic adakites have Na2O contents below 5.8 wt.% with ∼95% samples lower than 5.0 wt.%, and are generally depleted in this component relative to experimental basalt partial melts (mostly beyond 5.0 wt.% and up to 9.0 wt.% Na2O) produced under 1.5-3.0 GPa conditions that are most relevant to adakite production. We interpret the adakite Na depletion to be also a consequence of the melt / rock reaction that takes place within the hot mantle wedge. During ascent and reaction with mantle peridotite, primary adakite melts gain mantle components MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni but lose Na2O, SiO2 and perhaps K2O to the mantle, leading to Na-rich mantle metasomatism. Selective assimilation of predominately mantle clinopyroxene, some spinel and minor olivine at high T/P has been considered to be an important process in producing high-Mg adakites from primary low-Mg slab melts [Killian, R., Stern, C. R., 2002. Constraints on the interaction between slab melts and the mantle wedge from adakitic glass in peridotite xenoliths. Eur. J. Mineral. 14, 25-36]. In such a process, Na depletion in the assimilated melt is the result of dilution due to the increase in melt mass. Phase relationships in the reaction system siliceous melt + peridotite and quantitative calculation suggest that assimilation of mantle clinopyroxene, olivine and spinel and fractional crystallization of sodic amphibole and orthopyroxene, under conditions of moderate T/P and increasing melt mass, is also an important process that modifies the composition of adakites and causes the Na depletion. 相似文献
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G. M. da Costa E. Van San E. De Grave R. E. Vandenberghe V. Barrón L. Datas 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(2):122-131
A novel method for synthesis of aluminium hematites, based upon the homogeneous precipitation of Fe and Al oxinates in various proportions, is presented. The precursor precipitates are heated in air at 700?°C. X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, BET, FTIR, optical reflection analysis, TEM and Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and 80?K of the resulting products indicate that single-phase hematites are formed with structural Al substitution of up to 10 at%. Interestingly, the particle size (>100?nm) is not substantially reduced by the Al content. Although it remains difficult to obtain a homogeneously distributed Al substitution in the final hematite, this processing line offers a unique opportunity to separate the effects of grain size and Al substitution on the Morin transition temperature (T M) of Al hematite. From the comparison between the present hematites and a series of Al-substituted hematites with lepidocrocite as precursor, it could be shown that the effect on T M, associated with a change of a factor 10 in grain size, is about 1/3 of the effect caused by a change of 10 in the degree of substitution. Finally, it is suggested that proper thermal treatments under different conditions of the same precursors are likely to produce spinel phases. 相似文献
24.
Yugo Nakamura Yoshinori Katayama Kazuomi Hirakawa 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,114(3-4)
Refractive indices of incompletely hydrated tephra glasses vary widely. Thus, glass refractive index is not a practical indicator for identifying Holocene tephras. Hydration near the surface of tephra glass shards can be removed by either hydrofluoric acid treatment or annealing for 12 h at 400°C. The annealing procedure is a particularly reliable and simple way to dehydrate tephra glasses. Standard deviations (s) of refractive indices for glasses after 12 h annealing are small (s=0.0014–0.0018), in contrast with untreated glasses (s=0.0034–0.0405). The refractive indices of dehydrated tephra glasses are 0.006–0.014 lower than those of the untreated (hydrated) glasses. Using the 400°C 12-h annealing procedure, values for the refractive indices of eight Holocene tephras in Hokkaido were obtained. These refractive indices are useful indicators for identification and correlation of Holocene tephras. 相似文献
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丽江7.0级地震地下流体异常特征 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
通过对1996年2月3日云南丽江Ms7.0地震前震中周围水位、水氡、水汞、泉点宏观等地下流体共71个台项观测资料的异常及综合特征分析,初步认为震前异常数量较多,异常时间分布具有整体性、同步性、集中性的特点,但异常主要集中在短期阶段,临震异常不突出;突间分布具有集中性和非均匀性,孕震区至远场影响区的异常比例最高,震源区内为相对“盲区”,且突出而肯定的宏观异常极少;异常的时空演变特征复杂,总体没有规律 相似文献
27.
丽江大研镇震灾分布和地脉动测量结果之间的相关性 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
丽江7.0级地震后,大研镇被毁建筑物的地理分布呈显4条条带,伤亡人员的地理分布和上述条带重合。91个短周期地脉动测点的观测资料表明,分布在上述条带内的大多数测点,其卓越周期大于0.3S;条带外的测点,其卓越周期一般在0.1S左右。作认为卓越周期和烈度异常之间良好的相关性,是因为地脉动卓越周期和地方震的频谱之间存在良好的相关性。 相似文献
28.
丽江7.0级地震前地震分形异常 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
本提供了丽江7.0级地震前滇西北地震活动空间容量维、关联维、信息熵十分显的异常图像;这些异常是在大震孕震区形成、应变释放加速阶段之后出现的,恰好揭示了源区、近源区大释放前的非线性变化过程。这与1965年以来云南及邻区8组大震前地震分形研究的结论完全一致;进一步说明地震活动分形异常对地震孕育的短临阶段具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
29.
吴根耀 《大地构造与成矿学》1996,20(4):310-318
据333个白云母b0值,结合区域地层和构造的研究成果,提出:(1)原称昌宁-孟连变质带解体为西盟-勐统变质带(加里东期中压变质带)和澜沧双变质带的高压亚带,两期高压变质作用分别与海西-印支期的洋壳消减和陆-陆碰撞有关;(2)石鼓变质带是三个逆冲岩片的叠置,各岩片内岩石的变质作用各具特色;(3)金沙江洋盆为地块间小洋盆,其消减及嗣后的弧-弧碰撞可能不产生高压变质作用。在此基础上探讨了白云母b0值在造山带研究中的意义。 相似文献
30.