鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区长7砂岩储层成岩相特征研究

在大量样品测试数据与野外地质调查综合分析的基础上, 对长7储层岩石学特征、物性、孔隙结构、成岩作用、成岩阶段和成岩相等进行了研究。结果表明: 研究区长7储层处于中成岩A~B期。压实作用及碳酸盐、粘土(高岭石、伊利石、伊蒙混层)矿物胶结和硅质胶结作用是造成储层原生孔隙丧失的主要原因; 绿泥石胶结抑制孔隙充填, 长石溶蚀作用使孔隙间的连通性得到改善, 储层物性得到提高。根据成岩作用类型、强度及其对储层物性的影响划分出6种成岩相, 其中压实相、碳酸盐胶结相、粘土矿物胶结相、石英加大相、浊沸石充填相不利于储层的发育, 而长石溶蚀相、绿泥石膜胶结相对储层物性改善起了重要作用。     

Effects of substratum type on fish assemblages in shallow areas of a tropical estuary

While there is already a comprehensive understanding of the effects of environmental variables, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity, on the structure, biomass and metabolism of aquatic biota in estuarine habitats, the effect of sedimentation, a harmful underlying factor, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in fish assemblages along the freshwater to salt water gradient of a large tropical estuary, and to evaluate the effects on them of habitat disturbance associated with shallow water sedimentation in the intertidal areas. Fish and environmental variables were recorded in the upper, middle and lower salinity zones of the estuary at ebb tide in both the dry and wet seasons. Sediment samples associated with different levels of habitat disturbance were analysed using granulometry, and their organic content and dissolved oxygen levels were quantified. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were also measured. Habitat disturbance was found to be correlated with the density, biomass and richness of fish assemblages. A total of 77 species were recorded, forming two distinct fish assemblages, with the Eleotridae family dominating in the upper zone, and Gerreidae, Gobiidae and Tetraodontidae the most common in the middle and lower estuary. Changes in the structure of fish assemblages, including reductions in density, biomass and richness, were associated with disturbance to natural features, where muddy sediment was replaced by sandy sediment and the quantity of organic matter fell. Atherinella brasiliensis was the species which showed a preference for the disturbed areas in the middle and lower zones, while Dormitator maculatus showed a preference for them in the upper estuary. They may be taken as indicators of habitat disturbance due to shallow sedimentation.     

基于数据融合的浅层地下水提取技术研究

为提高浅层地下水遥感探测的准确性和效率,开辟遥感找水新思路,首次将空间分辨率为30 m的Landsat-7ETM多光谱数据和空间分辨率为150 m(Wide Swath模式)的Envisat-1 ASAR先进合成孔径雷达数据进行了融合,并利用基于主成分变换(PCA)和小波变换(WT)的融合算法成功地找到了浅层地下水信息异常带。通过实地调查和物探、钻探验证,I、II、III级找水靶区的富水性情况与预测结果基本一致,并在上述靶区找到了丰富的浅层地下水,证实了该方法的可行性和实用性,可为今后地下水快速勘察提供新的技术手段。     

干旱区典型绿洲热场分布规律研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

 全球气候变暖给整个地球的生态环境带来巨大的影响,在全球气候变暖背景下,绿洲热场的变化严重影响绿洲的生态稳定性,利用遥感卫星影像来监测热场分布规律具有很强的现实意义。采用Landsat7 ETM+热红外波段定量反演晴空状态下干旱区典型绿洲地表真实温度,运用影像叠加分析、直方图比对、缓冲区分析、空间自相关分析及剖面线分析方法,分析其热场分布规律。结果表明,绿洲热场分布具有显著的正的空间自相关特性,Moran’s I值为0.5489,z检验值为48.44,同时呈现出显著的局部空间集聚现象; 就全局而言,热场分布规律为水体温度<耕地温度<林草地温度<城镇温度<裸地温度<盐碱地温度,均温分别为21.65 ℃、27.86 ℃、35.59 ℃、36.52 ℃、40.06 ℃、42.07 ℃; 就局部而言,盐碱地温度低于周边裸地温度,盐碱地平均温度比周边300 m、900 m、1 500 m缓冲区裸地的均温分别低0.59 ℃、0.44 ℃、0.26 ℃。水体、城镇、盐碱地、裸地的温度波动较小,热力景观单一,热场分布均匀,而耕地和林草地的温度梯度大,热力景观复杂多样,热场分布极不均匀。绿洲荒漠交错带的面积较大,它可以降低荒漠对绿洲的热力侵蚀,对保护绿洲有重要作用。     

城乡劳动力的转移与城市化

本文从城市化基本定义出发,探讨了劳动力在农村与城市两大经济载体之间流动的机制,指出农业容纳力与排斥力、城市吸引力与吸收力是劳动力流动的决定因素,并在对四个因素进行相互关系分析的基础上,阐明了均衡与非均衡条件下劳动力转移的不同途径。     

新疆于田地区地震活动趋势分析

2008年和2014年,新疆和田地区于田县先后发生一次MS 7.3地震.2020年6月26日,该区再次发生MS 6.4地震,震源深度10 km,震中位于(35.73°N,82.33°E).通过地震活动性和构造背景,探讨该区域未来地震孕育特征和地震活动危险性. (1)发震构造背景.新疆于田地区位于西昆仑断裂带康西瓦断裂、...     

卫星遥感敦煌地区地表特征参数研究

卫星遥感在研究沙漠化地区非均匀地表特征参数时有其独到的作用。本文提出了一个基于Landsat-7 TM资料推算沙漠化地区地表特征参数的方案，并把其用于中国西北地区“我国重大气候和天气灾害形成及预测理论的研究”的敦煌试验区，并且利用3个景Landsat-7 TM资料进行了分析研究，得到了一些有关沙漠化地区非均匀地表区域地表特征参数(地表反射率、地表温度、修正的土壤调整植被指数MSAVI和植被覆盖度)的新概念。     

137Cs在滇西与黔中地区散落的差异——青藏隆起对滇西地区全球性扩散大气污染物散落屏蔽效应的推断

云贵高原是青藏隆起在南亚大陆形成的一个海拔梯度大、地势格局复杂的特异环境单元。该地域兼受东南季风与西南季风的交汇影响 ,是全球变化的敏感区之一。青藏隆起对云贵高原现代环境影响主要表现在 :1 )全球性大气扩散污染物的屏蔽效应和局地性大气扩散污染物的滞留效应 ;2 )区域化学风化的增强效应和物理侵蚀的梯级效应 ;3)地表环境地球化学过程的低纬度 -高海拔效应。核素示踪模式分析表明 :滇西与黔中地区之间137Cs自大气散落差异明显 [1 986年以前 ,洱海和红枫湖沉积物中137Cs散落的累计值分别为 ( 0 .1 1±0 .0 1 )Bq cm2 及 ( 0 .37± 0 .0 1 )Bq cm2 ],而7Be的散落相近。这说明青藏隆起对滇西地区存在全球性扩散大气污染物散落的屏蔽效应.     

The age and stratigraphic context of the Easington Raised Beach, County Durham, UK

The Easington Raised Beach, in Shippersea Bay, County Durham, is the most northerly known interglacial beach deposit in England. It lies directly on Magnesian Limestone bedrock at 33 m O.D. and is covered by glacial sediments attributed to the Devensian. Detailed sedimentological analysis suggests that it is an interglacial beach, which is supported by the presence of pebbles bored by marine organisms and littoral, temperate-climate, marine macro- and micro-fossils. It comprises beds of unconsolidated, bedded, imbricated, well-rounded sands and gravels, overlain by similar, but calcreted, deposits. The gravel fraction is dominated by Magnesian and Carboniferous limestone, with orthoquartzite, flint, and porphyries also present; these are far-travelled erratics that must have derived from the erosion of older glacially transported sediments. Previous workers have described erratics derived from the Oslofjord region of Norway in the raised beach gravel, although rocks diagnostic of a Scandinavian origin have not been recovered as part of this study. The heavy-mineral suite is rich in epidote, dolomite, clinopyroxenes, garnet, tourmaline, and micas. The beach was dated previously by conventional amino acid analysis of the shells, which suggested a Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 age, albeit with a reworked component from MIS 9. This has been confirmed by new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates, which indicate that the beach formed between 240 and 200 ka BP. New amino acid racemisation analyses, using a modified technique, broadly support this interpretation but must await more comparative data before they can be assessed fully. The strong indication of an MIS 7 age for the formation of the beach has implications for the uplift history of northeastern England during the Pleistocene, and indicates an uplift rate of 0.19 mm a⁻¹. The stable isotope geochemistry indicates that the cementation occurred during an interglacial period, whilst U-Series dating of the cement indicates that cementation occurred mostly during the Holocene, and is genetically related to the overlying Devensian till. This work has formed part of a full re-appraisal of the glacial sequence in eastern County Durham, the results of which suggest that the Warren House Formation pre-dates the raised beach, and that the Devensian Horden Till overlies the raised beach.