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51.
José Carlos G. Aguiar 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(2):171-183
The vision of a borderless world, of people, ideas and products freely circulating within a self‐regulating market, is one that clashes with the emerging legal regime based on the punitive force of the state. After a period of liberalization, seen in the opening of national economies and the promotion of regional trade projects and free‐trade zones, the ambivalence of neoliberalism is manifest in a borderless capitalism that ambiguously depends on the securitization of national borders. Such a changing regime of state intervention is clearly seen at the Iguazú triangle – the tri‐border urban conglomerate that straddles Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina – where the illegality of informal cross‐border trading has been tolerated for decades. Recently stepped up police raids and controls hinder the passage of people and goods, while a new fiscal regime introduced in 2009 in Brazil attempts to regularize cross‐border trafficking by turning petty smugglers into micro entrepreneurs. Petty smugglers – dubbed sacoleiros– can hardly be defined as entrepreneurs and do not constitute an identifiable category of entrepreneurship but, as typical in the informal sector, act on opportunity and need. Drawing on ethnographic research, this paper contextualizes the programmes for border controls and regularizing smuggling inspired by neoliberal ideology in South America. 相似文献
52.
基于ETM+遥感影像反演不同土地利用类型地表温度的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
采用Landsat7 ETM+为基本数据源,运用3种算法(大气辐射传输方程RTE、Qin等单窗算法和Jimenez—Munoz&Sobrino普适性单通道算法)定量反演了黄河三角洲部分地区的地表温度(land surface temperature,LST),并进行了不同算法反演结果的差值比较:以RTE反演结果为标准,在大气水汽含量较低时,Qin等单窗算法和JM&S普适性单通道算法精度较高,与RTE的反演结果相差均在1K以内;在大气水汽含量较高时,Qin等单窗算法在采用地面气象资料估算水汽含量条件下仍保持较高的精度,比RTE反演结果平均偏小0.95K;而根据估算的大气水汽含量进行反演的JM&S普适性单通道算法的反演偏差比Qin等单窗算法要大,达到1.94K,但JM&S普适性单通道算法根据实测的大气水汽含量得到的反演结果要略优于Qin等单窗算法,比RTE结果偏大0.67K。同时计算了经过6s模式校正后归一化植被指数(INDV),然后利用GIS中的空间分析功能,分析LST、INDV在不同土地利用类型之间的差异以及二者之间的定量关系。发现研究区内,就所有土地利用类型而言,平均LST和INDV之间存在显著的负相关关系;对于各种土地利用类型,这种相关关系也存在.但相关程度不同。 相似文献
53.
54.
ETM+全色波段及其多光谱波段图像的融合应用 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:21
Landsat-7ETM+的全色波段与多光谱波段有相同的太阳高度角和其他环境条件,影像获取时间一致,两种不同分辨率的数据可以不经配准而实现高精度融合。目前常用的图像融合方法很多,究竟哪种方法更适合于ETM+图像,本次试验采用HIS变换、Brovey变换、SFIM变换、加权融合4种方法,分别实现ETM+Pan与ETM+的多光谱波段的融合,并从空间纹理信息、光谱真实性2个方面进行定量和定性地评价。研究表明,从综合角度出发,基于SFIM变换的融合方法产生的光谱扭曲和失真较小,同时很大程度地保持了高分辨率的全色波段的空间纹理细节信息,是一种适合于ETM+图像融合的较佳方法。 相似文献
55.
The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism. 相似文献
56.
早期形成的碳酸盐结核在埋藏期间会经历多种碳酸盐矿物相沉淀的复杂胶结作用,岩石学研究是探究结核成因的关键。通过野外剖面观察、岩石学观察和阴极发光技术,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地渭北地区上三叠统延长组长7油层组泥页岩中各种形状的方解石和白云石结核中自生碳酸盐矿物的特征。这些结核为成岩早期的产物,构成结核的自生碳酸盐矿物特征显著:(1)球粒方解石结核中,方解石呈纤维状或刃片状,球粒间充填晶粒方解石或因压实呈贴面结合,纤维状方解石发桔红色和暗红色2种光,刃片状方解石发暗红色光;(2)粉晶方解石结核中,方解石呈他形粒状,含有机质包裹体或纤维状晶形残余,晶间含沥青和纤维状方解石残余,主要发暗红色光;(3)白云石结核有泥晶和粉晶2种晶体类型,粉晶白云石结核含较多泥质,泥质条带或有机质条带处常见纤柱状白云石;(4)沿裂缝充填的方解石和白云石常呈纤维状或纤柱状结构,发暗红色光或不发光。研究区长7油层组碳酸盐结核中的方解石和白云石具有不同的成因类型和复杂的胶结作用:球粒方解石和泥晶白云石代表了结核开始形成时的胶结作用,可以准确地反映结核的成因;粉晶方解石、粉晶白云石反映了交代成因;裂缝中纤维状、纤柱状方解石和白云石集合体则为结核经历了较强压实作用之后充填裂缝而成。 相似文献
57.
Extensional and compressional structures are globally abundant on Mars. Distribution of these structures and their ages constrain the crustal stress state and tectonic evolution of the planet. Here in this paper, we report on our investigation over the distribution of the tectonic structures and timings of the associated stress fields from the Noachis-Sabaea region. Thereafter, we hypothesize possible origins in relation to the internal/external processes through detailed morphostructural mapping. In doing so, we have extracted the absolute model ages of these linear tectonic structures using crater size-frequency distribution measurements, buffered crater counting in particular. The estimated ages indicate that the tectonic structures are younger than the mega impacts events(especially Hellas) and instead they reveal two dominant phases of interior dynamics prevailing on the southern highlands, firstly the extensional phase terminating around3.8 Ga forming grabens and then compressional phase around 3.5-3.6 Ga producing wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps. These derived absolute model ages of the grabens exhibit the age ca. 100 Ma younger than the previously documented end of the global extensional phase. The following compressional activity corresponds to the peak of global contraction period in Early Hesperian. Therefore, we conclude that the planet wide heat loss mechanism, involving crustal stretching coupled with gravitationally driven relaxation(i.e.,lithospheric mobility) resulted in the extensional structures around Late Noachian(around 3.8 Ga). Lately cooling related global contraction generated compressional stress ensuing shortening of the upper crust of the southern highlands at the Early Hesperian period(around 3.5-3.6 Ga). 相似文献
58.
This study uses instrumented buildings and models of code‐based designed buildings to validate the results of previous studies that highlighted the need to revise the ASCE 7 Fp equation for designing nonstructural components (NSCs) through utilizing oversimplified linear and nonlinear models. The evaluation of floor response spectra of a large number of instrumented buildings illustrates that, unlike the ASCE 7 approach, the in‐structure and the component amplification factors are a function of the ratio of NSC period to the supporting building modal periods, the ground motion intensity, and the NSC location. It is also shown that the recorded ground motions at the base of instrumented buildings in most cases are significantly lower than design earthquake (DE) ground motions. Because ASCE 7 is meant to provide demands at a DE level, for a more reliable evaluation of the Fp equation, 2 representative archetype buildings are designed based on the ASCE 7‐16 seismic provisions and exposed to various ground motion intensity levels (including those consistent with the ones experienced by instrumented buildings and the DE). Simulation results of the archetype buildings, consistent with previous numerical studies, illustrate the tendency of the ASCE 7 in‐structure amplification factor, [1 + 2(z/h)] , to significantly overestimate demands at all floor levels and the ASCE 7 limit of 7:media:eqe3006:eqe3006-math-0409" class="section_image" src="/cms/asset/88361c9a-28f1-4279-8fa3-fd093c8dbbc5/eqe3006-math-0409.png"> to in many cases underestimate the calculated NSC amplification factors. Furthermore, the product of these 2 amplification factors (that represents the normalized peak NSC acceleration) in some cases exceeds the ASCE 7 equation by a factor up to 1.50. 相似文献
59.
为提高浅层地下水遥感探测的准确性和效率,开辟遥感找水新思路,首次将空间分辨率为30 m的Landsat-7ETM多光谱数据和空间分辨率为150 m(Wide Swath模式)的Envisat-1 ASAR先进合成孔径雷达数据进行了融合,并利用基于主成分变换(PCA)和小波变换(WT)的融合算法成功地找到了浅层地下水信息异常带。通过实地调查和物探、钻探验证,I、II、III级找水靶区的富水性情况与预测结果基本一致,并在上述靶区找到了丰富的浅层地下水,证实了该方法的可行性和实用性,可为今后地下水快速勘察提供新的技术手段。 相似文献
60.