Induction of heat shock protein (hsp)60 in Isochrysis galbana exposed to sublethal preparations of dispersant and Prudhoe Bay crude oil

Adaptation to sublethal exposure to crude oil by phytoplankton is poorly understood. Use of chemical dispersants for oil spill remediation increases petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in water, while exposing marine organisms to potentially toxic concentrations of dispersant. Heat shock proteins (hsps) have been found to serve as an adaptive and protective mechanism against environmental stresses. The objective of this project was to examine the induction of hsps in Isochrysis galbana, a golden-brown algae, following exposure to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) and PBCO chemically dispersed with Corexit 9527® (dispersed oil: DO). Initial experiments using ³⁵S-labeled amino acids and 2-dimensional electrophoresis with subsequent western blotting identified and confirmed hsp60, a member of the chaperonin family of stress proteins, as being efficiently induced by heat shock in this species. One-dimensional SDS PAGE and western blotting, with hsp60 antibodies and chemiluminesence detection, were used to quantitate hsp60 following exposure to a range of environmental temperatures and concentrations of WAF and DO preparations. I. galbana cultured in 22 parts per thousand (‰) salinity showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in hsp60 after exposure to 25, 30, and 35°C for 1 h compared to controls (20°C), while 34‰ cultures showed no significant increase in hsp60 with increasing temperature. Cultures (22 and 34‰) exposed to varying doses of WAF and DO exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05) increases in levels of hsp60 in all cases. A dose-related response was observed in all exposures (r²≥0.90) with the exception of 34‰ WAF. In independent exposures, a dose-related hsp60 response to naphthalene, a relatively abundant water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbon, was observed in both 22 and 34‰ cultures. Results of this study are consistent with previous studies in other species documenting increases in hsp60 levels with exposure to xenobiotics. Further studies are investigating the protective function of hsp60 against the toxic effects of exposure to WAF and DO preparations.     

用于PB-HTGR燃料球运动规律研究的钴-60螺旋CT系统研发

在球床式高温气冷堆(PB-HTGR)中,球形燃料元件在堆芯中的流动特性是堆芯物理设计和几何设计的基础,球流运动规律的研究在发展球床式高温气冷堆技术中具有基础性的作用。目前还没有一种有效的手段检测燃料球在堆芯中的运动轨迹,有关球流运动规律的理论和实验研究尚不够完善。为了对燃料球在堆芯中的运动规律进行三维实验研究,清华大学核研院按实际堆芯结构等比例缩小设计了实验模型,通过检测目标球在模型中的运动轨迹,可以对不同工况下燃料球的运动规律进行模拟研究。为了满足目标球的检测要求,我们设计了钴-60多层螺旋CT检测方案,可以进行目标球的识别和轨迹追踪,验证实验结果表明该方案可以满足实验系统对目标球检测的要求。      

Detection and temporal variation of Co in the digestive glands of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, in the East China Sea

⁶⁰Co were detected in common octopus specimens collected in the East China Sea in 1996-2005. The source of ⁶⁰Co has remained unclear yet. Stable isotope analyses showed that there was no difference in stable Co concentrations between octopus samples with ⁶⁰Co and without ⁶⁰Co. This result showed that the stable Co in the digestive gland of octopus potentially did not include a trace amount of ⁶⁰Co and the source of ⁶⁰Co existed independently. Furthermore, investigations of octopus in other area and other species indicated that the origin of the source of ⁶⁰Co occurred locally in the restricted area in the East China Sea and not in the coastal area of Japan. Concentrations of ⁶⁰Co have annually decreased with shorter half-life than the physical half-life. This decrease tendency suggests that the sources of ⁶⁰Co were identical and were temporary dumped into the East China Sea as a solid waste.     

Simulation of the subsurface mobility of carbon nanoparticles at the field scale

The production and use of nanomaterials will inevitably lead to their disposal in the natural environment. To assess the risk that these materials pose to human and ecosystem health an understanding of their mobility and ultimate fate is essential. To date, however, relatively little research has been conducted on the fate of nanoparticles in subsurface systems. In this study the subsurface mobility of two carbon nanoparticles: nano-fullerenes (nC₆₀) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is assessed. A two-dimensional finite element model was used to simulate the movement of these nanoparticles under a range of hydrologic and geological conditions, including a heterogeneous permeability field. The numerical model is based on colloid filtration theory (CFT) with a maximum retention capacity term. For the conditions evaluated the carbon nanotubes are much more mobile than nC₆₀ due to the smaller collector efficiency associated with carbon nanotubes. However, the mobility of nC₆₀ increased significantly when a maximum retention capacity term was included in the model. Model results also demonstrate that, for the systems examined, nanoparticles were predicted to be less mobile in heterogeneous systems compared to the homogeneous systems with the same average hydraulic properties.     

六安地区BBVS-60与KS-2000宽带地震计系统性能分析

通过对六安地区BBVS-60与KS-2000地震计系统记录台基噪声功率谱密度计算,和正弦标定数据处理,尤其通过对仪器系统记录地震震相分析,比较两种类型宽频带地震计系统的性能差异,为台站地震记录震相分析与仪器维护提供技术支持.     

鲎血细胞提取物生物活性的初步研究

采用酸抽提法和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－５０凝胶层析从鲎血细胞中分离出含有一低分子量组分的提取物,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示一条区带。提取物可以抑制内毒素诱导的鲎试剂（ＴＡＬ）反应,抑制金色葡萄菌和大肠杆菌的生长,并发现２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的提取物对ＨＬ－６０细胞的生长有强烈的抑制作用。     

The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials

The high‐precision δ^60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ^60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s, n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ^60/58Ni _{NIST SRM 986} values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ^60/58Ni values varied from ?0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s, n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (?0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (?0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.     

辽宁凤城荒甸子金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

荒甸子金矿床位于辽东金矿化集中区青城子矿田北东部,矿体严格受地层和构造双重控制,并与印支—燕山期岩浆侵入体相关密切。文章通过对荒甸子金矿床成矿地质背景和主矿体60号金脉带地质特征的阐述,说明金矿体与地层、构造、岩浆岩三位一体的关系,为下一步的找矿工作指明方向。     

The 30–60-day Intraseasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea during May–September

This study investigates the structure and propagation of intraseasonal sea surface temperature(SST) variability in the South China Sea(SCS) on the 30–60-day timescale during boreal summer(May–September). TRMM-based SST, GODAS oceanic reanalysis and ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis datasets from 1998 to 2013 are used to examine quantitatively the atmospheric thermodynamic and oceanic dynamic mechanisms responsible for its formation. Power spectra show that the 30–60-day SST variability is predominant, accounting for 60% of the variance of the 10–90-day variability over most of the SCS. Composite analyses demonstrate that the 30–60-day SST variability is characterized by the alternate occurrence of basin-wide positive and negative SST anomalies in the SCS, with positive(negative) SST anomalies accompanied by anomalous northeasterlies(southwesterlies). The transition and expansion of SST anomalies are driven by the monsoonal trough–ridge seesaw pattern that migrates northward from the equator to the northern SCS. Quantitative diagnosis of the composite mixed-layer heat budgets shows that, within a strong 30–60-day cycle, the atmospheric thermal forcing is indeed a dominant factor, with the mixed-layer net heat flux(MNHF) contributing around 60% of the total SST tendency, while vertical entrainment contributes more than 30%. However, the entrainment-induced SST tendency is sometimes as large as the MNHF-induced component, implying that ocean processes are sometimes as important as surface fluxes in generating the30–60-day SST variability in the SCS.     

Properties of theβ pictoris disc deduced from optical imaging polarimetry

The asymmetries in the brightness structure and levels of polarization between the two sides of the60/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> Pic disc are discussed. The possibility of these differences being caused by a planet, or planets, within the circumstellar disc is investigated.