承台外区土阻力群桩效应及效应系数的有限元分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元方法,对复合桩基承台外区土阻力群桩效应及其效应系数进行了研究,讨论了土类、桩长、桩距、桩数等对承台外区土阻力群桩效应及其群桩效应系数的影响,结果表明(1)承台外区土阻力随承台宽与桩长之比 (B/L)的增大而增大,但增幅不大;随桩距S增大而增大;受桩数n的影响不大。(2)承台外区群桩效应系数随B/L增大几乎无变化;随S增大而增大;不随n变化而变化。(3)承台外区群桩效应系数与土类有关。     

中国北方两种现代草地动物牙齿珐琅质δ~(13)C值与植被类型的关系初探

在简单了解研究区的植被、气候状况的基础上 ,分析了内蒙古锡林郭勒和青海海北两种典型草地食草动物牙齿的δ1 3C值 ,测定了采样点表土有机质的δ1 3C值。锡林郭勒的表土有机质碳同位素组成略分散 ,且与植被和微环境密切相关。海北的表层土壤有机质碳同位素组成比较集中。两地的碳同位素组成都偏轻 ,是植被中C4植物含量少的反映。两地放牧动物的珐琅质δ1 3C值分别比当地植物偏重 12 .9‰和 13.5‰ ,或 14 .1‰和 14 .7‰。火灾等高温过程对动物牙齿的碳同位素组成可能没有显著影响     

使用Intel编译器优化中尺度模式MM5在奔腾4上的运行

本文介绍了一种在奔腾4处理器微机上Linux操作系统下的优化编译方法。作者通过查询、试验发现：使用Intel编译器优化中尺度模式MM5，能够使得MM5在奔腾4上的运行速度提高1．4～1．5倍。利用Intel编译器优化后的MM5模式，进行了三个月资料的计算，模式运行稳定。给出了一个使用Intel编译器和通常使用的PGI编译器分别编译的计算实例，对比表明：使用Intel编译器明显提高了运算速度，两种编译方法预报的降水场和形势场没有太大差异。     

震级加权四指标Blade算法及在地震带识别中的应用

Blade算法的产生是根据地震点的分布寻找地震断层，其优势在于能从较稀疏的点分布中找出线型条带模式，但不足的是完全不考虑地震的震级屑性。针对Blade算法的几个不足之处逐步改进，提出了震级加权四指标Blade算法。算法主要的改进体现在：①引入以震级为变量的权重函数，体现了高震级地震的控制作用，通过模拟与实例比较了三种权重函数的效果；②改进原方法中所挑出的Blade中心必须有地震点，引入四指标评价体系代替原方法的二指标评价体系，同时还根据指标值将挑选出的线型条带修正到更淮确的位置。将原算法与改进算法应用于华北地区4级以上的地震数据集以按寻地震带，结果表明，震级加权四指标Blade算法较Blade算法有显改进，取得了较好的应用效果。     

Photochemistry of N2O4 Adsorbed on Ice Surfaces at 193 nm

A multi-layer deposited ice film was prepared through water vapor deposition on a Ni plate in a vacuum chamber at 90 K, and was used as it was or after annealing at 140 K. NO₂ was adsorbed as N₂O₄ approximately 90 K on the ice film prepared as above, and irradiated by 193 nm excimer laser light. The time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of the desorbed species, i.e., NO₂, NO, O₂ and O, were measured by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The photochemical process obeyed an one-photon process. The relative yields of the products and their TOF spectra were dependent on the preparation condition of the ice film and also varied with the continuation of the laser irradiation. From the ice film annealed at 140 K, NO₂, NO and O₂ were desorbed with an approximate ratio of 1:1:0.01. From the non-annealed film, the relative yield of NO₂ was much smaller than that of NO. The TOF spectrum of NO from the non-annealed ice film consisted of distinctly different two components corresponding to the 1700 and 100 K translational temperature, respectively. The fast component was lost when additional ice was deposited on the adsorbed N₂O₄. NO was supposed to be a predissociation product from the electronically excited NO₂ prepared through the photodissociation of N₂O₄.     

美国国家气象中心定量降雨预报

美国国家气象中心自１９６０年开始实施定量降雨预报及其检验方案直至１９９３年３３年间，定量降雨预报从广泛依靠预报员经验的人工方法转变到更多依靠对数值模式的解释和修正３的方法，这是预报技术的一大进步。     

Accretion and exhumation at a Variscan active margin, recorded in the Saxothuringian flysch

The Saxothuringian flysch basin, on the north flank of the Central European Variscides, was fed and eventually overthrust by the northwestern, active margin of the Tepla-Barrandian terrane. Clast spectra, mineral composition and isotopic ages of detrital mica and zircon have been analyzed in order to constrain accretion and exhumation of rocks in the orogenic wedge. The earliest clastic sediments preserved are of early Famennian age (ca. 370?Ma). They are exposed immediately to the NW of the suture, and belong to the par-autochthon of the foreland. Besides ultramafic (?ophiolite) material, these rocks contain clasts derived from Early Paleozoic continental slope sediments, originally deposited at the NW margin of the Saxothuringian basin. These findings, together with the paleogeographic position of the Famennian clastics debris on the northwestern passive margin, indicate that the Saxothuringian narrow ocean had been closed by that time. Microprobe analyses of detrital hornblendes suggest derivation from the “Randamphibolit” unit, now present in the middle part of the Saxothuringian allochthon (Münchberg nappes). Detrital zircons of metamorphic rocks formed a little earlier (ca. 380?Ma) indicate rapid recycling at the tectonic front. The middle part of the flysch sequence (ca. early to middle Viséan), both in the par-autochthon and in the allochthon, contains abundant clasts of Paleozoic rocks derived from the northwestern slope and rise, together with debris of Cadomian basement, 500-Ma granitoids and 380?Ma (early Variscan) crystalline rocks. All of these source rocks were still available in the youngest part of the flysch (c. middle to late Viséan), but some clasts record, in addition, accretion of the northwestern shelf. Our findings permit deduction of minimum rates of tectonic shortening well in excess of 10–30?mm per year, and rates of exhumation of ca. 3?mm/a, and possibly more.     

热液矿床石英铅同位素组成及其地质意义

作者以若尔盖铀矿床为例，研究了含矿热液形成的石英脉石英的铅同位素组成，并将其作为联系母源铅同位素组成的桥梁，判别铀的来源。结果表明，矿床中石英铅同位素组成与含矿黄铁矿和中酸性构造－岩浆成因的花岗岩铅同位素组成具线性演化关系。由此提出含矿热液中的铀来自中酸性构造－岩浆岩而不是地层岩石的新见解，同时提出利用热液石英铅同位素组成判别非放射性矿床成矿元素来源的可能性。     

Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals, NO3 Radicals and O3 with Three C7-Carbonyls Formed From The Atmospheric Reactions of Myrcene, Ocimene and Terpinolene

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals, NO₃ radicals and O₃ with the C₇-carbonyl compounds 4-methylenehex-5-enal [CH₂=CHC(=CH₂)CH₂CH₂CHO], (3Z)- and (3E)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal [CH₂=CHC(CH₃)=CHCH₂CHO] and 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, which are products of the atmospheric degradations of myrcene, Z- and E-ocimene and terpinolene, respectively, have been measured at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air using relative rate methods. The rate constants obtained (in cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1 units) were: for 4-methylenehex-5-enal, (1.55 ± 0.15) × 10^–10, (4.75 ± 0.35) × 10^–13 and (1.46 ± 0.12) × 10^–17 for the OH radical, NO₃ radical and O₃ reactions, respectively; for (3Z)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal: (1.61 ± 0.35) × 10^–10, (2.17 ± 0.30) × 10^–12, and (4.13 ± 0.81) × 10^–17 for the OH radical, NO₃ radical and O₃ reactions, respectively; for (3E)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal: (2.52 ± 0.65) × 10^–10, (1.75 ± 0.27) × 10^–12, and (5.36 ± 0.28) × 10^–17 for the OH radical, NO₃ radical and O₃ reactions, respectively; and for 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one: (1.10 ± 0.19) × 10^–10, (1.81 ± 0.35) × 10^–12, and (6.98 ± 0.40) × 10^–17 for the OH radical, NO₃ radical and O₃ reactions, respectively. These carbonyl compounds are all reactive in the troposphere, with daytime reaction with the OH radical and nighttime reaction with the NO₃ radical being predicted to dominate as loss processes and with estimated lifetimes of about an hour or less.     

地脉动测试技术若干问题的讨论

讨论了地脉动的测试技术以及测试工作中应该重视而且容易被忽视的问题 ,并就地脉动幅值域和频率域特性参数提出不同的看法