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611.
R. N. Colvile T. W. Choularton J. N. Cape B. J. Bandy K. N. Bower R. A. Burgess T. J. Davies G. J. Dollard M. W. Gallagher K. J. Hargreaves B. M. R. Jones S. A. Penkett R. L. Storeton-West 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):211-239
Four case studies are described, from a three-site field experiment in October/November 1991 using the Great Dun Fell flow-through reactor hill cap cloud in rural Northern England. Measurements of total odd-nitrogen nitrogen oxides (NO
y
) made on either side of the hill, before and after the air flowed through the cloud, showed that 10 to 50% of the NO
y
, called NO
z
, was neither NO nor NO2. This NO
z
failed to exhibit a diurnal variation and was often higher after passage through cloud than before. No evidence of conversion of NO
z
to NO3
- in cloud was found. A simple box model of gas-phase chemistry in air before it reached the cloud, including scavenging of NO3 and N2O5 by aerosol of surface area proportional to the NO2 mixing ratio, shows that NO3 and N2O5 may build up in the boundary layer by night only if stable stratification insulates the air from emissions of NO. This may explain the lack of evidence for N2O5 forming NO3
- in cloud under well-mixed conditions in 1991, in contrast with observations under stably stratified conditions during previous experiments when evidence of N2O5 was found. Inside the cloud, some variations in the calculated total atmospheric loading of HNO2 and the cloud liquid water content were related to each other. Also, indications of conversion of NO
x
to NO
z
were found. To explain these observations, scavenging of NO
x
and HNO2 by cloud droplets and/or aqueous-phase oxidation of NO2
- by nitrate radicals are considered. When cloud acidity was being produced by aqueous-phase oxidation of NO
x
or SO2, NO3
- which had entered the cloud as aerosol particles was liberated as HNO3 vapour. When no aqueous-phase production of acidity was occurring, the reverse, conversion of scavenged HNO3 to particulate NO3
-, was observed. 相似文献
612.
中低纬地区地磁脉动的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨少峰 《地震地磁观测与研究》1992,13(1):50-57
近年来我们对中低纬地区地磁脉动进行了大量的观测和研究。本文不仅介绍了观测仪器的设计、台网设置及数据处理方法。而且还简要地介绍了一些主要科研成果,如低纬Pc3脉动特点,低纬Pi2脉动偏振特性。南极地区的地磁脉动观测结果,以及在磁暴和太阳耀斑期间在低纬地区观测的地磁脉动。这对于进一步认识中低纬地区地磁脉动是十分有益的。 相似文献
613.
614.
A. Veldkamp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(5):487-500
The combined effects of climate and tectonism on general terrace stratigraphy and valley asymmetry during the last half million years in the Allier system (France) are simulated by a 3-D conceptual model (LIMTER). This model allows the formulation and evaluation of long term terrace formation scenarios for the Allier system. Simulation results suggest that terrace stratigraphy in the study area is mainly the result of internal dynamics and climatic change. Local tectonism contributed to the development of unpaired terraces while the general regional uplift played a dominant role in determining terrace formation and preservation in general. 相似文献
615.
The quantitative probabilistic assessment of the undiscovered mineral resources of the 17.1-million-acre Tongass National Forest (the largest in the United States) and its adjacent lands is a nonaggregated, mineral-resource-tract-oriented assessment designed for land-planning purposes. As such, it includes the renewed use of gross-in-place values (GIPV's) in dollars of the estimated amounts of metal contained in the undiscovered resources as a measure for land-use planning.Southeastern Alaska is geologically complex and contains a wide variety of known mineral deposits, some of which have produced important amounts of metals during the past 100 years. Regional geological, economic geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral exploration history information for the region was integrated to define 124 tracts likely to contain undiscovered mineral resources. Some tracts were judged to contain more than one type of mineral deposit. Each type of deposit may contain one or more metallic elements of economic interest. For tracts where information was sufficient, the minimum number of as-yet-undiscovered deposits of each type was estimated at probability levels of 0.95, 0.90, 0.50, 0.10, and 0.05.The undiscovered mineral resources of the individual tracts were estimated using the U.S. Geological Survey's MARK3 mineral-resource endowment simulator; those estimates were used to calculate GIPV's for the individual tracts. Those GIPV's were aggregated to estimate the value of the undiscovered mineral resources of southeastern Alaska. The aggregated GIPV of the estimates is $40.9 billion.Analysis of this study indicates that (1) there is only a crude positive correlation between the size of individual tracts and their mean GIPV's: and (2) the number of mineral-deposit types in a tract does not dominate the GIPV's of the tracts, but the inferred presence of synorogenic-synvolcanic nickel-copper, porphyry copper skarn-related, iron skarn, and porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits does. The influence of this study on the U.S. Forest Service planning process is yet to be determined. 相似文献
616.
吉黑东部斑岩型-浅成热液型铜金矿床多重成矿模型 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过四个典型矿床(小西南岔、闹枝、五凤和刺猬沟)的对比,发现它们在形成时间-空间一成因上既相互联系,又相互区别。小西南岔和闹枝矿床存在三个成矿流体系统:加热天水系统(A)、排放流体系统(B)、蒸气缕(steam plume)反应系统(C);五凤和刺猬沟矿床只有一个成矿流体系统,即排放流体系统(B)。前者的成矿流体由浅成岩浆房的补给;后者的成矿流体主要为循环天水,浅成岩浆房的补给不明显。小西南岔金铜矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地边缘的隆起带,属于斑岩型矿床;闹枝金(铜)矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内的断隆块,属于斑岩-浅成热液过渡型矿床;五凤和刺猬沟金(银)矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内断裂带,属于浅成热液型矿床。在区域成矿上,由浅入深,浅成热液型斑岩-浅成热液过渡型和斑岩型构成多重成矿模型。 相似文献
617.
2D Coupled 3D:A New Numerical Model forDual-Structured-Aquifer System¥ChenChongxi;FangShuzhen;LinMin(FacultyofEnvironmentalSc... 相似文献
618.
吉黑东部斑岩型-浅成热液型铜金矿床多重成矿模型 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
通过四个典型矿床(小西南岔、闹枝、五凤和刺猬沟)的对比,发现它们在形成时间-空间-成因上既相互联系,又相互区别。小西南岔和闹枝矿床存在三个成矿流体系统:加热天水系统(A)、排放流体系统(B)、蒸气缕(steamplume)反应系统(C);五凤和刺猬沟矿床只有一个成矿流体系统,即排放流体系统(B)。前者的成矿流体由浅成岩浆房的补给;后者的成矿流体主要为循环天水,浅成岩浆房的补给不明显。小西南岔金铜矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地边缘的隆起带,属于斑岩型矿床;闹枝金(铜)矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内的断隆块,属于斑岩-浅成热液过渡型矿床;五凤和刺猬沟金(银)矿床产于中生代火山岩盆地内断裂带,属于浅成熟液型矿床。在区域成矿上,由浅入深,浅成热液型斑岩-浅成热液过渡型和斑岩型构成多重成矿模型。 相似文献
619.
Sunil Bharati Richard L. Patience Steve R. Larter Guy Standen Iain J. F. Poplett 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
The significance and validity of integrating data obtained from a variety of analytical techniques to understand, elucidate and model kerogen's complex chemical structure is reported here using degradative (open and closed system pyrolysis, chemical oxidation), non-degradative (13C CP/MAS NMR) and optical (incident white light and blue light) methods. Seven Cambrian Alum Shale samples, ranging in maturity from immature to post-mature with respect to petroleum generation, were studied and were chosen for their simple geological history, uniform organic matter type and high organic carbon content. The Alum Shale kerogens, which primarily consist of algal organic matter, liberate low molecular weight gaseous and aromatic compounds on pyrolysis and give mostly branched dicarboxylic acids on chemical oxidation. 13C NMR spectroscopy shows that the Alum Shale kerogens are anomalously rich in oxygen-bearing functional groups (such as C = O, ArCO, CHO, CHxO), most of which apparently remain intact within the kerogen macro-molecule (KMM) through the diagenetic and catagenetic stages. Fragments released by different degradative techniques are quantified and the aromaticity (fa), O/C and relative proportions of various carbon types estimated by 13C NMR. A synthesis of these data has allowed us to better understand the chemistry of the Alum Shale kerogen. 相似文献
620.
Abstract Isotopic analyses of organic carbon from the mid-Cretaceous sequence in Hokkaido, Japan, revealed a 2‰ positive excursion of δ13C values at the biostratigraphically defined Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary recognized in the Yezo Group. The planktonic foraminiferal Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone, which is known to bracket the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary elsewhere in the world, was recognized in the Oyubari area of central Hokkaido based on the distribution of commonly occurring planktonic foraminifera. In the Tappu area of northwestern Hokkaido, where diagnostic planktonic foraminifera are rare but calcareous nannoplankton occur commonly, the interval coeval with the W. archaeocretacea Zone can also be established by recognizing the conjoined last appearance levels of Corollithion kennedyi and Axopodorhabdus albianus, both calcareous nannoplankton species. Carbon isotope profiles exhibit a similar pattern with comparable peaks and troughs occurring in the same stratigraphic position in the sequences. A prominent, positive 2‰ shift of δ13C values, here called ‘δ13C spike’ occurs in the middle of the W. archaeocretacea Zone in the Oyubari area and just above the conjoined last appearances of the two above-mentioned nannoplankton taxa in the Tappu area. The Cenomanian/Turonian boundary can be drawn just above the peak position of the spike in both sections. The Rock Eval analyses and biomarker analyses of organic carbon indicate that organic carbon subjected to our isotope analyses is of terrestrial origin. Therefore, the observed 2%o shift should reflect changes in the isotopic composition of the atmospheric CO2. A unique layer composed predominantly of sand-grain sized spumellarian Radiolaria is present immediately above the δ13C spike both in the Oyubari and Tappu areas, suggesting an increasing availability of both nutrients and silica in surface waters. 相似文献