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We have measured P- and S-wave velocities on two amphibolite and two gneiss samples from the Kola superdeep borehole as a function of pressure (up to 600 MPa) and temperature (up to 600 °C). The velocity measurements include compressional (Vp) and shear wave velocities (Vs1, Vs2) propagating in three orthogonal directions which were in general not parallel to inherent rock symmetry axes or planes. The measurements are accompanied by 3D-velocities calculations based on lattice preferred orientation (LPO) obtained by TOF (Time Of Flight) neutron diffraction analysis which allows the investigation of bulk volumes up to several cubic centimetres due to the high penetration depth of neutrons. The LPO-based numerical velocity calculations give important information on the different contribution of the various rock-forming minerals to bulk elastic anisotropy and on the relations of seismic anisotropy, shear wave splitting, and shear wave polarization to the structural reference frame (foliation and lineation). Comparison with measured velocities obtained for the three propagation directions that were not in accordance with the structural frame of the rocks (foliation and lineation) demonstrate that for shear waves propagating through anisotropic rocks the vibration directions are as important as the propagation directions. The study demonstrates that proper measurement of shear wave splitting by means of two orthogonal polarized sending and receiving shear wave transducers is only possible when their propagation and polarization directions are parallel and normal to foliation and lineation, respectively. 相似文献
15.
东北地区大气污染物源排放时空特征:基于国内外清单的对比分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于国内外4类常用的污染源排放清单数据(EDGAR:全球大气研究排放数据库;CEDS:社区排放数据系统;MIX:亚洲排放清单;PKU-FUEL:全球燃料排放数据),对东北区域5类人为排放源(工业源、能源、交通运输源、生活民用源和农业源)的8种污染物(PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NOx、NMVOCs、NH3、OC和BC)从排放总量、来源贡献和时空分布特征等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:东北污染物排放主要以SO2、NOx和NMVOCs为主,工业、能源和交通运输为主要贡献源;PM2.5和PM10主要来自生活民用源和工业源,贡献率前者大于后者。辽宁省污染物(除NH3外)排放最大,其次为黑龙江省、吉林省和内蒙古东四盟市,冬季排放强度明显高于其他季节。NH3主要来自农业源,排放峰值发生在5~7月;各清单间排放总量和来源贡献差异明显,EDGAR和PKU清单对NH... 相似文献
16.
Summary. Evidence of a conductivity anomaly in the Rhine-Graben was first given about 15 years ago and consequently led to the definition of various models of induction in the region for periods ranging from a few minutes to a few hours. These models reflect two antagonistic ways of explaining the observed anomalous variations of the magnetic field: direct induction in a two-dimensional (2-D) structure or static distortion of telluric currents by the resistive crystalline Vosges (France) and Schwarzwalde (Germany) massifs. We discuss the two approaches using a simple formalism. In particular, we show that the self-induction related to the anomalous currents flowing in the Rhine-Graben is negligible for periods larger than 1000 s, and that, even though the static distortion of telluric currents does account for the observed anomaly, 2-D models can explain some of its features. We also show how the channelled currents are induced in the large sedimentary basins surrounding the area under study.
An experimental verification of this result is given. 相似文献
An experimental verification of this result is given. 相似文献
17.
Analyses of trace elements of the Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing show that the contents of As, Hg, F increase from primary carbonate rocks to weathered carbonate rocks and from primary carbonate rocks to the soil coexisting with carbonate rocks, but the distribution regularity of S is not obvious. In the whole weathered stages, the sorption of As is mainly affected by Fe2O3. In soil Fe2O3 is also the main affecting factor of Hg enrichment. The main existing forms of Hg in primary carbonate rocks should simply be physical adsorption, coprecipitation and false isomorphous form between surface of carbonate rock and Hg. In soil the enrichment of F has little relationship with sul-fides and Fe2O3. In primary carbonate rocks, F is mainly absorbed by sulfides and clay minerals, etc. Weathered samples have closer genetic relationships with primary carbonate rocks. This also implies that weathered carbonate rocks have the close existing forms to that of primary carbonate rocks. In primary carbonate rocks FeS2 and FeS are the main forms of S, and sulfides have fixation effect on some heavy metals, whereas in weathered carbonate rocks and soil the fixation effect is weakened. 相似文献
18.
本文将非均质各向异性地层中电磁场耦合势Helmhotz方程分解为各向异性背景场方程与散射场方程,并应用算子展开技术推导出耦合势Born级数解,建立一套三维非均质各向异性地层中随钻超深前视电阻率测井响应各阶散射电磁场与非线性Born逼近的有效计算方法.首先,利用传输线法与二维插值技术确定背景电磁场空间分布,得到零阶Born逼近解,然后根据电磁场耦合势的Born级数解推导出各阶散射电磁场方程与递推关系,通过三维有限体积法实现各阶散射场耦合势方程的离散,在此基础上结合MKL PARDISO并行技术,通过递推方式逐步计算各阶散射电磁场,并根据Born级数部分和确定不同阶次的非线性Born逼近.最后利用数值模拟结果对正演算法加以检验,并深入研究分析各阶散射场的变化特征与Born级数的收敛性质.
相似文献19.
利用SCJ-302型降水降尘自动采样器在植物生长季对黄河三角洲滨海湿地的大气氮沉降进行监测,对沉降物中水溶性离子、干、湿沉降氮输入量、铵态氮和硝态氮在总沉降量中的贡献率及月变化动态等分析表明:黄河三角洲植物生长季,大气干、湿沉降中SO42-和NO3-占阴离子总量的92%以上,和Na+和Ca2+占阳离子总量的80%以上,总N沉降量约为2 264.24 mg/m2,且69%集中在降雨量较丰沛的6-8月。其中干沉降氮贡献率约为32.02%,主要集中在春季。N的湿沉降量与降雨量呈显著正线性相关(R2=0.82),在降雨量丰沛的8月,达到最大值675.64 mg/m2。该地区大气干沉降的氮素形态以硝态氮为主,约占氮素输入量的57.21%,湿沉降中以铵态氮为主,约占氮素输入量的56.51%。植物生长季中,大气沉降中的硝态氮与铵态氮含量对表层10 cm土壤的月平均贡献率分别为约31.38%和20.50%,可见大气氮沉降是黄河三角洲滨海区域土壤主要氮素来源之一。 相似文献
20.
山东长岛黄土沉积物的磁性与碳酸盐特征及其环境意义初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对长岛沉积物采样和磁性测试,分析和讨论了长岛黄土沉积物的磁性特征:该剖面磁性矿物的含量并不是很高,且以亚铁磁性矿物为主,磁性矿物的粒度主要以细粒为主,亚铁磁性矿物的变化在沉积物磁性变化中占主导地位.通过对沉积物磁性特征和碳酸盐特征的对比发现:该剖面沉积物磁化率和碳酸盐具有很好的对应关系,并且明显表现出4个阶段的主要变化,对应了暖湿和冷干的气候旋回.根据沉积物的磁化率与古气候环境的内在联系,结合碳酸盐含量变化情况,对该地区风成沉积物的物源变迁及环境演变也进行了初步探讨和分析. 相似文献