基于核酸适配体功能化石墨纳米颗粒荧光探针的17β-雌二醇快速检测方法

为构建一种能够简单、快速、特异性检测复杂环境水体中雌激素污染的方法,利用石墨纳米颗粒作为荧光淬灭剂、核酸适配体作为识别元素、1-芘丁酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯作为异型双功能交联剂,构建了一种新型纳米荧光探针;并探究了构建荧光探针时核酸适配体初始投加量和荧光探针投加量对雌二醇检测的影响及最佳实验条件下检测雌二醇的效果和特异性。实验结果表明：核酸适配体能成功修饰在石墨纳米颗粒表面形成的稳定荧光探针;构建荧光探针时核酸适配体的最佳初始投加量为1.0 μmol/L;检测雌二醇时,荧光探针的最佳投加量为4 μg/mL;最佳实验条件下,相对荧光强度与雌二醇的质量浓度在50~800 ng/mL范围内成正比,最低检测限为34.5 ng/mL,且该荧光探针能实现对雌二醇的简单、快速、特异性检测。     

覆盆子-红花药对与男性不育症的治疗相关机制探讨

目的：基于网络药理学探讨覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的物质基础及作用机制。方法：用TCMSP数据库检索覆盆子、红花,收集其化学成分以及靶点信息;用GeneCards和OMIM数据库筛选男性不育症的疾病靶点;应用韦恩图筛选药物与疾病的共同靶点;应用R软件进行GO富集分析及KEGG分析;应用 Cytoscape 3.7.2 软件构建药物-活性成分-疾病-靶点互作网络。结果：从覆盆子、红花得到了22个活性成分及202个药物靶点。在药物-活性成分-疾病-靶点互作网络中,degree值较高的为槲皮素及木犀草素,表明覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的主要活性成分可能为槲皮素、木犀草素等。覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的可能靶点有131个,其中核心靶点为ALB、AKT1、IL-6、VEGFA、JUN等,这些靶点主要与氧化及抗氧化生物等生物学过程相关。覆盆子-红花药对的靶点主要通过P13K/Akt信号通道治疗男性不育症。结论：覆盆子-红花药对通过多靶点、多途径治疗男性不育症。本研究为开展覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的实验提供了理论基础,为男性不育症的治疗提供了更多的思路。     

Single subduction zone for the generation of Devonian ophiolites and high‐P metamorphic belts of the Variscan Orogen (NW Iberia)

Within the Variscan Orogen, Early Devonian and Late Devonian high‐P belts separated by mid‐Devonian ophiolites can be interpreted as having formed in a single subduction zone. Early Devonian convergence nucleated a Laurussia‐dipping subduction zone from an inherited lithospheric neck (peri‐Gondwanan Cambrian back‐arc). Slab‐retreat induced upper plate extension, mantle incursion and lower plate thermal softening, favouring slab‐detachment within the lower plate and diapiric exhumation of deep‐seated rocks through the overlying mantle up to relaminate the upper plate. Upper plate extension produced mid‐Devonian suprasubduction ocean floor spreading (Devonian ophiolites), while further convergence resulted in plate coupling and intraoceanic ophiolite imbrication. Accretion of the remaining Cambrian ocean heralded Late Devonian subduction of inner sections of Gondwana across the same subduction zone and the underthrusting of mainland Gondwana (culmination of NW Iberian allochthonous pile). Oblique convergence favoured lateral plate sliding, and explained the different lateral positions along Gondwana of terranes separated by Palaeozoic ophiolites.     

Evaluation of riverbed magnetic susceptibility for mapping biogeochemical hot spots in groundwater-impacted rivers

Redox hot spots occurring as metal-rich anoxic groundwater discharges through oxic wetland and river sediments commonly result in the formation of iron (Fe) oxide precipitates. These redox-sensitive precipitates influence the release of nutrients and metals to surface water and can act as ‘contaminant sponges’ by absorbing toxic compounds. We explore the feasibility of a non-invasive, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) technique to efficiently map the spatial variations of magnetic Fe oxide precipitates in the shallow bed of three rivers impacted by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory analyses on Mashpee River (MA, USA) sediments demonstrate the sensitivity of MS to sediment Fe concentrations. Field surveys in the Mashpee and Quashnet rivers (MA, USA) reveal several discrete high MS zones, which are associated with likely anoxic groundwater discharge as evaluated by riverbed temperature, vertical head gradient, and groundwater chemistry measurements. In the East River (CO, USA), widespread cobbles/rocks exhibit high background MS from geological ferrimagnetic minerals, thereby obscuring the relatively small enhancement of MS from groundwater induced Fe oxide precipitates. Our study suggests that, in settings with low geological sources of magnetic minerals such as lowland rivers and wetlands, MS may serve as a complementary tool to temperature methods for efficiently mapping Fe oxide accumulation zones due to anoxic groundwater discharges that may function as biogeochemical hot spots and water quality control points in gaining systems.     

Modelling the internal stress field in argillaceous rocks under humidification/desiccation

This paper deals with analytical and numerical modelling of the internal stress generated in argillaceous rocks during humidification/desiccation processes, which is an essential issue for damage study. This local stress field arises from two mechanisms: (i) complex interactions between free swelling/shrinking clay matrix and non‐strained inclusions of carbonate and quartz and (ii) a self‐restraint effect induced by the moisture gradient during the transient moisture exchange process. The inclusion–matrix interaction is investigated in different cases. Firstly, the analytical solution of the stress around a cylindrical inclusion embedded in an infinite swelling matrix is derived: The inclusion would suffer tension (compression) under humidification (desiccation), and the resulting cracking patterns are discussed. Then, the problem of two inclusions with different distances in an infinite swelling matrix is considered, and it is shown that the local stress around an inclusion will be perturbed and amplified by neighbouring inclusions. Finally, an inclusion outcropping at the free surface of a swelling matrix is modelled as to investigate the effect of free surface: The inclusion–matrix interface undergoes shear stresses of which the maximum is found at the free surface. In addition to the inclusion–matrix interaction, the self‐restraint effect is investigated: The induced stress is maximal at the beginning of humidification/desiccation processes and vanishes gradually with time. The quantity of the self‐restraint stress is strongly controlled by the hydric loading rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet)

Linking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), are, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of eastern Tibet. In situ core‐rim ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite and U–Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite facies conditions (~10–11 kbar, 530°C to 6–7 kbar, 580°C) were reached at 210–180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140–120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35°C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low‐ to medium‐grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution–reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasedimentary cover was thickened and cooled independently from the basement prior to c. 140 Ma (with a relatively fast cooling at 4.5 ± 0.5°C/Ma between 185 and 140 Ma). Since the Lower Cretaceous, the metasedimentary cover and the crystalline basement experienced a coherent history during which both were partially exhumed. The Mesozoic history of the Eastern border of the Tibetan plateau is therefore complex and polyphase, and the basement was actively involved at least since the Early Cretaceous, changing our perspective on the contribution of the Cenozoic geology.     

Large‐scale connectivity of fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy: Inferences from simulated accommodation‐to‐supply cycles and automated extraction of chronosomes

Multiscale simulation of fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy was used to quantify the elements of the geometry and architectural arrangement of sub‐seismic‐scale fluvial‐to‐shelf sedimentary segments. We conducted numerical experiments of fluvio‐deltaic system evolution by simulating the accommodation‐to‐sediment‐supply (A/S) cycles of varying wavelength and amplitude with the objective to produce synthetic 3‐D stratigraphic records. Post‐processing routines were developed in order to investigate delta lobe architecture in relation to channel‐network evolution throughout A/S cycles, estimate net sediment accumulation rates in 3‐D space, and extract chronostratigraphically constrained lithosomes (or chronosomes) to quantify large‐scale connectivity, that is, the spatial distribution of high net‐to‐gross lithologies. Chronosomes formed under the conditions of channel‐belt aggradation are separated by laterally continuous abandonment surfaces associated with major avulsions and delta‐lobe switches. Chronosomes corresponding to periods in which sea level drops below the inherited shelf break, that is, the youngest portions of the late falling stage systems tract (FSST), form in the virtual absence of major avulsions, owing to the incision in their upstream parts, and thus display purely degradational architecture. Detailed investigation of chronosomes within the late FSST showed that their spatial continuity may be disrupted by higher‐frequency A/S cycles to produce “stranded” sand‐rich bodies encased in shales. Chronosomes formed during early and late falling stage (FSST) demonstrate the highest large‐scale connectivity in their proximal and distal areas, respectively. Lower‐amplitude base level changes, representative of greenhouse periods during which the shelf break is not exposed, increase the magnitude of delta‐lobe switching and favour the development of system‐wide abandonment surfaces, whose expression in real‐world stratigraphy is likely to reflect the intertwined effects of high‐frequency allogenic forcing and differential subsidence.     

城乡过渡带空间演进与空间交互强度分析

采用NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据提取广州市城乡过渡带边界,利用基于sDNA模型修正的引力模型测算2012—2019年广州市城乡过渡带的空间交互强度,分析其空间演进特征与社会经济发展的关系。研究表明：1）2012—2019年广州市城乡过渡带总体呈扩大趋势,以北偏东方向发展为主,破碎区块逐渐演变为连续区域;2）广州市城乡过渡带之间的空间交互网络结构呈现“多方向化”趋势,从最初的西南侧单线网络结构逐步发育成多方向闭合网络联结结构,目前演变为南北两支、东西向的强空间交互态势,以白云区为代表的北部区域和以番禺区为代表的南部区域是广州市城乡过渡带的重要战略节点地域;3）广州市城乡过渡带社会经济优势度呈现出由内向外的3个空间层级结构,并由城市核心区辐射带动,向北、东北与东南3个方向推动发展为城乡过渡带;4）各城乡过渡带的发展速度不均衡现象仍较明显,广州市应结合本区域优势产业和自然资源,走联合与互补发展并存的道路,重视城乡过渡带区域发展引擎,增强其与周边地区联系的潜力。     

基于ICESat/GLAS的山东省SRTM与ASTER GDEM高程精度评价与修正

SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2数据具有较高的空间分辨率和广泛的覆盖范围,对于地学研究具有重要意义;但在不同地形复杂度和地面覆盖物区域,两类数据的误差分布并不均匀。SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2数据自公布以来,其精度修正一直是研究热点。然而大范围区域精度验证缺乏有效手段,传统方法可靠性差且数据获取成本较高。自ICESat-1数据公开以来,它们已成为SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2精度评定的主要检核点。为此,本文以山东省为研究区域,借助ICESat-1评估了SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2的高程精度,并根据插值误差曲面对两种DEM进行了修正。分析表明,原始SRTM和ASTER高程中误差分别为5.57 m和7.20 m,均高于标称精度;随着坡度的增大,高程精度呈降低的趋势。通过分析土地覆盖类型与误差分布关系表明:农田、灌丛土地类型精度较高;森林、湿地精度较低。分别采用反距离加权、普通克里金、地形转栅格和自然邻域插值方法构建误差曲面。结果表明:不同的插值方法构建的误差曲面的特征和精度也不同。其中,反距离加权修正的效果最佳,其次是地形转栅格和自然邻域,而普通克里金修正的效果最差。     

朝鲜2017年核爆对中国东北地区形变场的影响

基于19个连续GNSS观测站的多种采样率（10 Hz、1 Hz和30 s）数据,分析2017-09-03朝鲜核爆对中国东北地区地壳形变场的影响。静态位移分析结果显示,距核爆现场最近的GNSS观测站JLCB没有产生明显的同震形变,与基于均匀半无限弹性空间断裂位错模型正演模拟的结果一致;GNSS应变结果显示,此次核爆在东北区域引起主应变的略微调整,但总体调整量在10-8以内,没有引起区域范围内面应变的变化;高频GNSS动态形变分析结果显示,核爆在JLCB站处没有引起明显的波形变化。另外,高频GNSS受到多路径效应的影响,可能会引起cm级的扰动,利用恒星日滤波方法可以抑制多路径的影响,得到精度更高、更可靠的动态形变结果。