新显色剂四-(3-磺基-4-氯苯基)卟啉分光光度法测定微量铜

研究了新显色剂四-(3-磺基-4-氯苯基)卟啉在微酸性介质中,表面活性剂OP与CPC存在下测定微量铜的显色反应。络合物在波长420 nm处有最大吸收峰,摩尔吸光度系数为3.44×105L·mol-1cm-1,用双峰双波长光度法测定摩尔吸光系数为6.72×105L·mol-1·cm-1,铜含量在0.5~4.5μg/25 m L范围内符合比耳定律。方法应用于矿样中微量铜的测定,结果令人满意。     

The total operating characteristic to measure diagnostic ability for multiple thresholds

The relative operating characteristic (ROC) is a popular statistical method to measure the association between observed and diagnosed presence of a characteristic. The diagnosis of presence or absence depends on whether the value of an index variable is above a threshold. ROC considers multiple possible thresholds. Each threshold generates a two-by-two contingency table, which contains four central entries: hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. ROC reveals for each threshold only two ratios, hits/(hits + misses) and false alarms/(false alarms + correct rejections). This article introduces the total operating characteristic (TOC), which shows the total information in the contingency table for each threshold. TOC maintains desirable properties of ROC, while TOC reveals strictly more information than ROC in a manner that makes TOC more useful than ROC. We illustrate the concepts with an application to land change science.     

基于上市公司网络的长三角城市网络空间结构研究

公司内部网络研究是当前城市经济网络研究的重要内容.本文利用2005、2010年长三角A股上市公司企业网络数据库,运用社会网络分析方法、位序—规模分析法等,分析了2005、2010年长三角城市网络空间结构演变及其主要影响因素.研究发现:①长三角上市公司总部沿沪宁—沪杭—杭甬Z字形轴线集聚,从一主(上海)二副(杭州、南京)三中心向一主(上海)三副(杭州、苏州、南京)四中心空间结构演变;苏州超过南京成为第三大企业总部集聚中心.②长三角城市网络核心—边缘结构整体延续,Z字形轴线城市维持核心地位,具备强大的网络权力与威望.③长三角城市网络除等级扩散、邻近扩散等特征之外.还具有明显的行政地域性.主要体现在省会南京、杭州分别成为江苏、浙江省内外上市公司子公司的重要据点;尤其是南京凭借省会优势,中心度仍然高于总部职能较强的苏州.④在长三角经济一体化背景下,跨行政地域性的联系有所加强,特别是上海、苏南向苏中、苏北的扩散明显;浙西南仍是网络相对封闭、孤立的地带,中心度相对较低.⑤行政等级和区划,市场容量等是长三角城市网络空间结构的主要影响因素,而到上海高速公路时间距离、劳动力成本和土地成本的影响在统计上未通过显著性检验.     

NASA/Goddard长波辐射方案在GRAPES_Meso模式中的应用研究

本文将NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）/Goddard长波辐射方案引入到GRAPES_ Meso（Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System_Meso）模式中,对2006年4月中国地区进行了一个月的模拟试验,并与相应的NCEP（National Centers for Environmental Prediction）再分析资料进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:在模拟区域内,使用GRAPES_Meso模式进行24 h、48 h预报得到的晴空大气顶向外长波辐射通量（the clear sky outgoing longwave radiation flux,OLRC）、地面接收到向下长波辐射通量（the clear sky downward longwave radiation flux at ground,GLWC）分布形势与NCEP再分析资料具有较好的对应关系;模式预报24 h、48 h OLRC和NCEP再分析资料月平均误差百分比控制在－10%～＋10%以内,GLWC月平均误差百分比比OLRC略大,但总体上两者误差都在合理和可接受范围之内。OLRC和GLWC 24 h、48 h的预报和NCEP再分析资料的逐日距平相关系数及标准误差的对比显示,模式24 h预报OLRC、GLWC的距平相关系数月平均值分别为0.96、0.98,标准误差月平均值分别为24.54 W m-2、27.23 W m-2;模式48 h预报OLRC、GLWC的距平相关系数月平均值分别为0.9521、0.9804,标准误差月平均值分别为22.43 W m-2、27.64 W m-2。总体上,模式24 h、48 h预报OLRC和GLWC的距平相关系数都在0.93以上,标准误差都在31 W m-2以内,且GLWC预报和NCEP再分析资料的相关性比OLRC略好,OLRC预报与NCEP再分析资料的的标准误差比GLWC略小。通过和RRTM长波辐射方案对比可知,两者的预报水平基本一致。本文研究结果表明,引入NASA/Goddard长波辐射方案后的GRAPES_Meso模式整体上能够较好地预报OLRC和GLWC,该辐射方案可以作为模式GRAPES_Meso的备选辐射方案之一。     

一次超级单体雹暴观测分析和成雹区识别研究

利用多普勒雷达资料,结合探空和常规资料,对2011 年4 月17 日一次超级单体雹暴的流场和回波结构演变特征进行了详细研究,主要结果:该雹暴是在条件性不稳定和垂直风切变较大的环境条件下产生的右移风暴。雹云初生发展阶段,垂直剖面显示逐渐形成有组织化的斜上升气流促进雹云发展。成熟降雹阶段,雹云内形成一支强的斜上升气流和深厚的中气旋,主上升气流对应雹云的弱回波区。雹云维持典型的弱回波区—悬挂回波—回波墙特征结构。根据雷达径向速度和雹云移速订正得出的“零线”演变发现,随着雹云的发展,“零线”逐渐向悬挂回波靠近,并穿过悬挂回波,“零线”的走向为上翘式,附近“穴道”的汇集力较强,有利于降雹。通过对“零线”位置的判断可分析有利成雹的区域。根据高低空两层强回波的水平错位,利用两高度强中心连线所作剖面能快速准确得出特征剖面,并将0℃ 层以上6 km 高度处降雹潜势达到100%的45 dBZ 的区域识别为成雹区,与降雹实况对比发现识别效果良好。     

山东省高速公路工程地质信息管理系统的设计与实现

随着高速公路的快速发展,大规模的公路建设积累了大量的公路工程地质资料,为有效利用这些资料,需进行工程地质信息管理系统的建设。系统建设以山东省高速公路为研究对象,分析了工程地质资料数据特点,基于ArcGIS Engine为开发平台,采用VB.net语言,结合数据库技术,实现了工程地质信息的空间与属性查询管理、钻孔柱状图和剖面图的自动生成、土石方量的计算、地基承载力的确定和电子沙盘虚拟观测等功能,为工程地质资料管理和拟建公路设计提供综合性服务。     

Sediment records of environmental changes in the south end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area during the past 100 years

Previous studies carried out in the East China Sea （ECS） mud area focused on long-term environmental changes in sedimentary records during the Holoeene, especially during the mid-Holocene high-stand water levels period. These results indicate that sensitive grain size groups can be used as a sedimentary proxy to reconstruct the evolution of the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM）. The studies have been carried out mainly in the northern and middle portions of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud, however, similar research in the southern portion and the comparison between sedimentary proxy and modern measured data of EAWM are lacking. In this paper, we focused on a sedimentary record of the past 100 years with an enhanced resolution of 1.8 years. Investigations of the southern end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area were conducted on the basis of 21~Pb chronology, grain-size analysis and chemical element analysis. The correspondence between the mean grain size （Mz） of sediment sensitive grain size and the measured EAWM was confirmed for the first time. We found that during the recent 100 years, the variation of the mean grain size of the sensitive population in the southern portion of the Zhejiang-Fujian mud was mainly controlled by the EAWM intensity changes; and not directly related to changes in the sediment discharge from Datong station of the Changjiang River （DTSD）. Finally, recent changes in the content of heavy metals in study area reflect the impact of human activities on the environment.     

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.     

基于cox1条形码的鱼肚DNA分子鉴定

为鉴定鱼肚的正品来源,运用一对特异性引物扩增并测定10 个不同价格（700～1 500 元/kg）鱼肚样本的线粒体DNA 细胞色素c 氧化酶Ⅰ（cox1）约660 bp 的序列.通过BLASTN 比对DNA 序列同源度,判定鱼肚所属种类分别为鲈形目石首鱼科（Sciaenidae）、马鲅科（Eleutheronema）、笛鲷科（Lutjanidae）、带鱼科（Trichiuridae）.cox1 条码序列获取便捷,基于此条码序列的物种鉴定技术可用于鱼肚种类鉴别.     

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT models to forecast land use change and non-point source pollution impact at a watershed scale in Liaoning Province,China

Non-point source （NPS） pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent （CLUE-S） and Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. How- ever, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effec- tively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.