与图像内容相关的色域映射算法研究

通过对经典色域映射算法的调查分析,总结归纳了映射执行中影响图像质量的各个相关因素,在分析其影响权重的基础上建立了一个最佳的映射模型,设计实现了一个与图像内容相关的色域映射算法。测试实验验证,新算法优于ICC推荐的HPMINDE和SGCK算法,确保转换图像的视觉效果最佳。     

石家庄市居民出行碳排放趋势及其低碳对策

以居民出行方式为研究对象,探讨了2005～2009年石家庄居民出行人均CO2排放量及各出行方式CO2排放的趋势,预测了2015年的排放量,并提供应对策略。结果表明,石家庄市居民出行人均CO2排放呈逐年递增趋势,其中私家车排放量增加最快,出租车略有增加,公交车下降,且私家车排放量远大于公交车和出租车之和。2015年石家庄市居民出行人均CO2排放量比2009年增加21%,其中出租车基本未变,公交车减少45%,而私家车增加29%。实施低碳交通的措施包括控制私家车、优化公交系统结构、制定低碳政策、提高居民节能意识。     

Combined Earth orientation parameters based on homogeneous and continuous VLBI and GPS data

The CONT02 campaign is of great interest for studies combining very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) with other space-geodetic techniques, because of the continuously available VLBI observations over 2 weeks in October 2002 from a homogeneous network. Especially, the combination with the Global Positioning System (GPS) offers a broad spectrum of common parameters. We combined station coordinates, Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) and troposphere parameters consistently in one solution using technique- specific datum-free normal equation systems. In this paper, we focus on the analyses concerning the EOPs, whereas the comparison and combination of the troposphere parameters and station coordinates are covered in a companion paper in Journal of Geodesy. In order to demonstrate the potential of the VLBI and GPS space-geodetic techniques, we chose a sub-daily resolution for polar motion (PM) and universal time (UT). A consequence of this solution set-up is the presence of a one-to-one correlation between the nutation angles and a retrograde diurnal signal in PM. The Bernese GPS Software used for the combination provides a constraining approach to handle this singularity. Simulation studies involving both nutation offsets and rates helped to get a deeper understanding of this singularity. With a rigorous combination of UT1–UTC and length of day (LOD) from VLBI and GPS, we showed that such a combination works very well and does not suffer from the systematic effects present in the GPS-derived LOD values. By means of wavelet analyses and the formal errors of the estimates, we explain this important result. The same holds for the combination of nutation offsets and rates. The local geodetic ties between GPS and VLBI antennas play an essential role within the inter-technique combination. Several studies already revealed non-negligible discrepancies between the terrestrial measurements and the space-geodetic solutions. We demonstrate to what extent these discrepancies propagate into the combined EOP solution.     

利用遥感信息实现土地利用分类方法研究

利用ERDAS IMAGINE、MAPGIS和PCI等遥感数据分析处理软件,以昆明-玉溪地区CBERS-02遥感数据为例,提出该地区土地利用分类的方法。     

一种资源一号卫星影像的正射纠正方法

针对传统遥感软件处理影像数据正射纠正时控制点精度不高的问题,提出了一种快速、精确正射纠正的改进方案。该方法首先利用PCI、ArcGIS与ERDAS软件相兼容的特点,通过PCI影像处理软件对实验区阳原县高分辨率遥感卫星影像CBERDS-02C进行正射纠正,得出控制点精度残差结果;然后利用ArcGIS软件对纠正后影像进行精度改进;最后在ERDAS影像处理软件中选取同名点对影像纠正精度改进后效果进行验证。实验结果表明:通过对比分析精度改善前后控制点残差结果,在ArcGIS软件中对精度改进是切实可行的。     

资源一号02C卫星影像基于已有DOM匹配纠正试验

主要介绍了资源一号02C卫星影像在各种控制点选取情况下的精度表现,其成果可为地理国情时点校正影像生产提供参考。     

Flow reversal over a natural pool–riffle sequence: a computational study

A computational study is presented on the hydraulics of a natural pool–rif?e sequence composed of mixed cobbles, pebbles and sand in the River Lune, northern England. A depth‐averaged two‐dimensional numerical model is employed, calibrated with observed data at the ?eld site. From the computational outputs, the occurrence of longitudinally double peak zones of bed shear stress and velocity is found. In particular, at low discharge there exists a primary peak zone of bed shear stress and velocity at the rif?e tail in line with the local maximum energy slope, in addition to a secondary peak at the pool head. As discharge increases, the primary peak at the rif?e tail at low ?ow moves toward the upstream side of the rif?e along with the maximum energy slope, showing progressive equalization to the surrounding hydraulic pro?les. Concurrently, the secondary peak, due to channel constriction, appears to stand at the pool head, with its value increasing with discharge and approaching or exceeding the primary peak over the rif?e. The existence of ?ow reversal is demonstrated for this speci?c case, which is attributable to channel constriction at the pool head. A dynamic equilibrium model is presented to reconstruct the pool–rif?e morphology. A series of numerical modelling exercises demonstrates that the pool–rif?e morphology is more likely produced by shallow ?ows concentrated with coarse sediments than deep ?ows laden with low concentrations of ?ne sediments. It is concluded that channel constriction can, but may not necessarily, lead to competence reversal, depending on channel geometry, ?ow discharge and sediment properties. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An optical tachometer for short‐path measurement of flow speeds in shallow overland flows: improved alternative to dye timing

Tracers, such as ?uorescein dye, are widely employed to measure overland ?ow speeds by time‐of‐travel along measured ?ow paths. Among several disadvantages of this method are the involvement of human reaction time when using stop‐watches, and the relatively long travel path that is consequently needed for reliable timing. Long ?ow paths mean that local variability along the ?ow path cannot be detected. This paper describes a new optical tachometer that overcomes these limitations, as well as offering other advantages. It is based on the use of a small ?oating re?ector target that is carried on the surface tension ?lm, and which passes between two re?ective sensors mounted above the ?ow. The new device allows virtual ‘spot’ measurements of surface ?ow speed over a path as short as 1 cm, and eliminates the in?uence of human reaction time. The new device is battery powered and portable, and provides an improved alternative to dye timing in many ?eld and laboratory applications. Its use will allow the collection of more re?ned data than have hitherto been easily achievable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gelifluction: viscous flow or plastic creep?

This paper reports results from two scaled centrifuge modelling experiments, designed to simulate thaw‐related geli?uction. A planar 12° prototype slope was modelled in each experiment, using the same natural ?ne sandy silt soil. However two different scales were used. In Experiment 1, the model scale was 1/10, tested in the centrifuge at 10 gravities (g) and in Experiment 2, the scale was 1/30, tested at 30 g. Centrifuge scaling laws indicate that the time scaling factor for thaw consolidation between model and prototype is N², where N is the number of gravities under which the model was tested. However, the equivalent time scaling for viscous ?ow is 1/1. If geli?uction is a viscosity‐controlled ?ow process, scaling con?icts will therefore arise during centrifuge modelling of thawing slopes, and rates of displacement will not scale accurately to the prototype. If, however, no such scaling con?icts are observed, we may conclude that geli?uction is not controlled by viscosity, but rather by elasto‐plastic soil deformation in which frictional shear strength depends on effective stress, itself a function of the thaw consolidation process. Models were saturated, consolidated and frozen from the surface downwards on the laboratory ?oor. The frozen models were then placed in the geotechnical centrifuge and thawed from the surface down. Each model was subjected to four freeze–thaw cycles. Soil temperatures and pore water pressures were monitored, and frost heave, thaw settlement and downslope displacements measured. Pore water pressures, displacement rates and displacement pro?les re?ecting accumulated shear strain, were all similar at the two model scales and volumetric soil transport per freeze–thaw cycle, when scaled to prototype, were virtually identical. Displacement rates and pro?les were also similar to those observed in earlier full‐scale laboratory ?oor experiments. It is concluded therefore that the modelled geli?uction was not a time‐dependent viscosity‐controlled ?ow phenomenon, but rather elasto‐plastic in nature. A ?rst approximation ‘?ow’ law is proposed, based on the ‘Cam Clay’ constitutive model for soils. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flow resistance in gravel‐bed channels with large‐scale roughness

A previously published mixing length (ML) model for evaluating the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor for a large‐scale roughness condition (depth to sediment height ratio ranging from 1 to 4) is brie?y reviewed and modi?ed (MML). Then the MML model and a modi?ed drag (MD) model are experimentally tested using laboratory measurements carried out for gravel‐bed channels and large‐scale roughness condition. This analysis showed that the MML gives accurate estimates of the Darcy–Weisbach coef?cient and for Froude number values greater than 0·5 the MML model coincides with the ML one. Testing of the MD model shows limited accuracy in estimating ?ow resistance. Finally, the MML and MD models are compared with the performance of a quasi‐theoretical (QT) model deduced applying the P‐theorem of the dimensional analysis and the incomplete self‐similarity condition for the depth/sediment ratio and the Froude number. Using the experimental gravel‐bed data to calibrate the QT model, a constant value of the exponent of the Froude number is determined while two relationships are proposed for estimating the scale factor and the exponent of the depth/sediment ratio. This indirect estimate procedure of the coef?cients (b₀, b₁ and b₂) of the QT model can produce a negligible overestimation or underestimation of the friction factor. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.