基于CMONOC建立和评估中国大陆地壳运动速度场模型

针对现有速度场模型采用数据少、现势性不强的问题,详细论述了速度场模型建立的数据获取与处理方法,利用中国大陆地壳运动监测网络中260个连续运行基准站2011~2015年的连续观测数据,采用GAMIT/GLOBK与GMT软件,获得高精度的定位及速度成果,并基于上述速度成果采用克里金插值法构建了中国大陆地壳运动速度场1°×1°格网模型。最后利用IERS公布的中国区域7个IGS站实测速度以及全国范围内均匀分布的陆态网络区域站实测速度,对模型内插结果进行检核,验证了模型的现势性、精确性和可靠性。     

基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的DEM趋势面逼近

趋势面从宏观上揭示了研究对象的特性,在各领域发挥着重要作用。BP神经网络可以对复杂系统进行无限逼近,进而进行预测。建立了基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的数字高程模型趋势面,与二次多项式建立的数字高程模型趋势面进行比较分析,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

虚拟参考站（VRS）在汶川地震灾区应急测绘基准建设中的应用

随着测绘技术的不断进步,基于虚拟参考站VRS（Virtual Reference Station）技术的出现,为RTK测量提供了新的技术平台,给测绘行业带来了革命性的变化。本文就VRS技术在汶川地震灾区应急测绘基准建设中的成功运用做了详细的介绍和分析,对同类型的测绘基准建设有着很好的参考和借鉴作用。     

空间信息服务在RFID物流管理系统中的应用研究

RFID（射频识别）中间件技术是RFID产业化的关键技术,分布式环境下的信息交换是这项技术的主要研究方向之一。随着企业对空间位置信息的关注需求日益增大,空间信息服务也成为RFID中间件中必不可少的组成部分。本文介绍了RFID中间件和空间信息服务的概念,通过一个RFID物流管理系统应用实例研究了空间信息服务在RFID中间件中提供空间信息操作,处理与交换的应用。     

西藏地表温度时空演变特征及影响因子

地表温度（land surface temperature,LST）是反映生态环境状况的重要指标。西藏作为气候变化的敏感地区,掌握其LST的时空变化有利于深入了解西藏热环境演化过程,为长期监测高原基础生态变化提供帮助。研究基于谷歌地球引擎获取西藏2000—2020年的MODIS LST数据,采用归一化分级方法对LST进行5个等级的划分,利用趋势分析、热力空间分析以及重心迁移等方法分析了研究区近20年来的LST时空演变特征。同时,选取归一化植被指数（normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI）、裸土指数（bare soil index,BI）、垂直不透水面指数（perpendicular impervious surface index,PISI）、湿度（WET）以及高程（digital elevation model,DEM）等5个影响LST的地表参数,结合多尺度地理加权回归,探讨了LST影响因子的作用尺度与作用效力。结果表明：2000—2020年,西藏LST均值由18.72℃上升至20.28℃,年均增长0.09℃,LST呈现微弱上升态势。2...     

Radon in soil anomaly observed at Los Azufres geothermal field,Michoacan: a possible precursor of the 1985 Mexico earthquake (Ms = 8.1)

A radon anomaly in a nuclear track detector placed on a fault was detected prior to the destructive (Ms = 8.1) Mexican earthquake of 19 September 1985. The fault is a structural feature of the geothermal field Los Azufres, 260 km NE of the epicentral area. Since no other phenomenon can be found as a possible cause for the radon anomaly, it is proposed that preseismic regional stress perturbations may produce changes in the fluid transport patterns at the fault, suggesting that radon measurements in similar conditions could provide a good precursor in high seismic risk areas.     

云南省孟连西7.3级地震前跨断层形变反映

云南省孟连西７．３级地震前跨断层形变反映张兴华，宋金玲（云南省地震工程研究所，昆明６５０２０４）１９９５年７月１０日、１２日在滇西南孟连以西（北纬２２．１°东经９９．３°）连续发生Ｍｓ６．２级和７．３级强烈地震．１９９３年１月─１９９５年５月，云南中...     

海进体系域碳氧同位素地球化学响应——以黔西南地区三叠系为例

层序地层研究表明，位于扬子地块西南缘的黔西南地区在中三叠世末期（相当于Ladinian-Carnian期）出现了一次与全球同步的大规模海侵，形成了一个向上变深的碳酸盐岩台地淹没沉积层序。垄头组顶部和竹竿坡组分别是海进体系域（TST）的下、上部分。碳、氧同位素研究表明，垄头组顶部自下而上δ（^18O）持续增大，而δ（^13 C）先逐渐增大，后在顶部界面附近快速下降，反映了垄头组顶部在暴露环境下氧化作用的结果。竹竿坡组δ（^13 C）自下而上逐渐增大，δ（^13 C）总体呈现逐渐减小趋势，反映了海平面变化特征。研究认为，海进体系域的δ（^13 C）和δ（^18 O）演化不但反映了海平面和沉积环境变化，同时对密集段（CS）、层序界面和古暴露面等也有很好的识别作用，在层序地层研究中具有重要的意义。     

Turbidite bed thickness distributions: methods and pitfalls of analysis and modelling

Turbidite bed thickness distributions are often interpreted in terms of power laws, even when there are significant departures from a single straight line on a log–log exceedence probability plot. Alternatively, these distributions have been described by a lognormal mixture model. Statistical methods used to analyse and distinguish the two models (power law and lognormal mixture) are presented here. In addition, the shortcomings of some frequently applied techniques are discussed, using a new data set from the Tarcău Sandstone of the East Carpathians, Romania, and published data from the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation of Italy. Log–log exceedence plots and least squares fitting by themselves are inappropriate tools for the analysis of bed thickness distributions; they must be accompanied by the assessment of other types of diagrams (cumulative probability, histogram of log‐transformed values, q–q plots) and the use of a measure of goodness‐of‐fit other than R², such as the chi‐square or the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. When interpreting data that do not follow a single straight line on a log–log exceedence plot, it is important to take into account that ‘segmented’ power laws are not simple mixtures of power law populations with arbitrary parameters. Although a simple model of flow confinement does result in segmented plots at the centre of a basin, the segmented shape of the exceedence curve breaks down as the sampling location moves away from the basin centre. The lognormal mixture model is a sedimentologically intuitive alternative to the power law distribution. The expectation–maximization algorithm can be used to estimate the parameters and thus to model lognormal bed thickness mixtures. Taking into account these observations, the bed thickness data from the Tarcău Sandstone are best described by a lognormal mixture model with two components. Compared with the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation, in which bed thicknesses of thin beds have a larger variability than thicknesses of the thicker beds, the thinner‐bedded population of the Tarcău Sandstone has a lower variability than the thicker‐bedded population. Such differences might reflect contrasting depositional settings, such as the difference between channel levées and basin plains.     

A method of searching for radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle using interfering signals

Radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle that give rise to triplications in the travel-time curve for short-periodP waves will produce arrivals havingdT/d values that differe by roughly 0.2–0.5 s/deg. The first two arrivals associated with such triplications will be separated by less than one second over a distance range of 4°–10° they may not, therefore, be separable visually on single seismograms, so that their presence can only be inferred from some measurable property that depends on their mutual interference. If there are lateral variations in the regions of anomalous velocity gradients, the interfering signals will also have different azimuths of arrival. Using two synthetic wavelets we have investigated the effect of interference on bothdT/d and azimuth measurements at the Yellowknife Array. We found that if the interfering pulses have a dominant frequencyv, there is a range of time separations (0.30/v0.55/v) over which the measureddT/d and azimuth values may fluctuate by much more than the differences indT/d and azimuth between the interfering signals. We have evaluated the following empirically defined functions for three different primary signals, and for three different relative amplitudes of the interfering signals:f (t), the drift function, which expresses how the measured slownesses,p, and azimuths, , differ from the slownesses and azimuths of the primary wavelets; f(), the range function, which describes the behaviour of the upper and lower bounds ofp and as a function of the difference in arrival times of the signals, andf , studied the properties of these functions, and have outlined how these properties provide criteria based on the numerical and statistical characteristics of the arrival vectors, and on the waveform of the signal that will enable small radial velocity anomalies to be more clearly delineated.Contribution No. 863 from the Earth Physics Branch.