银河系化学元素的丰度特征和合成图像(I):星际介质中轻元素丰度的观测及其特征

给出并解释了星际介质中轻元素D，3He，4He和Li的最新观测数据．星际介质中轻元素的丰度观测结果可以用来检验标准大爆炸核合成理论，因此对这些元素的丰度研究具有重要的天体物理意义．到目前为止，轻元素丰度的观测结果基本上支持开放宇宙的观点．根据最新的观测结果，在本地星际介质中D丰度可能存在小尺度不均匀性，而对类星体吸收云的观测表明不同观测者所获得的原初D丰度结果最大差别可达一个量级．如果观测是可靠的，那么在目前的标准大爆炸核合成理论和星系化学演化模型框架下还不能解释这种结果．另外种种迹象表明太阳系丰度可能不代表45亿年前本地星际介质的丰度．     

银河系内区的棒结构

最近十几年来,银河系已被确认为是一个棒旋星系,而不是无棒结构的普通旋涡星系.人们利用各类示踪源,如气体的(l,v)图、红外面测光、红团簇星、恒星计数、微引力透镜效应、恒星运动学等,来探测银河系内区的棒结构和它的结构参数,该文对此做了简要评述.     

银河系中的泡结构

观测表明银河系内存在为数众多的星际泡,泡壁的二维投影亦称壳层,太阳系便位于称之为本地泡的一个泡结构之内。随着越来越多星际泡的发现和确认,人们对泡的研究渐趋深入,包括泡结构的多种统计性质,星际泡的若干可能的形成机制,以及泡与恒星形成和演化的关系等。从上述诸方面介绍了银河系泡结构的多波段研究进展。     

An Analytic Model of Galactic Winds and Mass Outflows

Galactic winds and mass outflows are observed both in nearby starburst galaxies and in high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We develop a simple analytic model to understand the observed superwind phenomenon with a discussion of the model uncertainties. Our model is built upon the model of McKee & Ostriker for the interstellar medium. It allows one to predict how properties of a superwind, such as wind velocity and mass outflow rate, are related to properties of its starforming host galaxy, such as size, gas density and star formation rate. The model predicts a threshold of star formation rate density for the generation of observable galactic winds. Galaxies with more concentrated star formation activities produce superwinds with higher velocities. The predicted mass outflow rates are comparable to (or slightly larger than) the corresponding star formation rates. We apply our model to both local starburst galaxies and high-redshift Lyman break galaxies, and find its predictions to be in good agreement with current observations. Our model is simple and so can be easily incorporated into numerical simulations and semi-analytical models of galaxy formation.     

The Relation between the Inclinations of Broad Line Regions and the Accretion Disk

According to the standard model, an active galactic nucleus (AGN) consists of an inner accretion disk with a jet around a central massive black hole, and a number of outer broad line regions (BLRs) and narrow line regions (NLRs). The geometrical relationship between the BLRs and the accretion disk is not well understood. Assuming the motion of the BLRs is virialized and its configuration is disk-like, we derived its inclination to the line of sight for a sample of AGNs from their bulge stellar velocity dispersion, their size of the BLRs and their Hβ linewidth. Compared with the inclination of the accretion disk obtained from the X-ray Fe Kα emission lines, we found that there is no positive correlation between the two. Our results showed that BLRs are not coplanar with the accretion disk and that we should be cautious of using the BLRs inclination as the disk inclination. The non-coplanar geometry of the outer BLRs and the inner accretion disk provides clues to the origin of BLRs and the properties of the accretion disk. Our preferable interpretation is that BLRs arise out of the outer part of a warped accretion disk.     

地谜五名语则

1金银铜铁（打一中国城市名）2银河渡口（打一中国城市名）3久雨初晴（打一中国城市名）4两个胖子（打一中国城市名）5双喜临门（打一中国城市名）（答案在本期找）     

Positions and Spectral Energy Distributions of 41 Star Clusters in M33

We present accurate positions and multi-color photometry for 41 star clusters detected by Melnick & D'odorico in the nearby spiral galaxy M33 as a part of the BATC Color Survey of the sky in 13 intermediate-band filters from 3800 to 10 000A. The coordinates of the clusters are found from the HST Guide Star Catalog. By aperture photometry, we obtain the spectral energy distributions of the clusters. Using the relations between the BATC intermediate-band system and UBVRI broadband system, we derive their V magnitudes and B - V colors and find that most of them are blue, which is consistent with previous findings.