A 2D finite volume model for bebris flow and its application to events occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees

FLATModel is a 2D finite volume code that contains several original approaches to improve debris-flow simulation. Firstly, FLATModel incorporates a ＂stop-and-go＂ technique in each cell to allow continuous collapses and remobilizations of the debris-flow mass. Secondly, flow velocity and consequently yield stress is directly associated with the type of rheology to improve boundary accuracy. Thirdly, a simple approach for entrainment is also included in the model to analyse the effect of basal erosion of debris flows. FLATMODEL was tested at several events that occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees and simulation results indicated that the model can represent rather well the different characteristics observed in the field.     

MD数字化断层形变测量仪资料的应用分析

分析了“九五”期间安装在“山东数字化地震前兆台网”的MD跨断层形变测量仪资料的干扰因素、变化特点及其与水准、基线观测的一致性，探讨了其映震能力及断层运动的表现方式。     

华北地台西南缘地层格架

近年来,由于在晋西南汝阳群和豫西洛峪口组中相继发现大型复杂的具刺疑源类和碳质宏观藻类化石,华北地台西南缘中、新元古代传统地层格架面临重大考验。显然,将由３个明显间断面所分隔的４套不同沉积体系、数千米厚的地层（表１）都归入震旦系,存在许多值得商榷的问题...     

A Closure Study of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth Factor during the 2006 Pearl River Delta Campaign

Measurements of aerosol physical, chemical and optical parameters were carried out in Guangzhou, China from 1 July to 31 July 2006 during the Pearl River Delta Campaign. The dry aerosol scattering coefficient was measured using an integrating nephelometer and the aerosol scattering coefficient for wet conditions was determined by subtracting the sum of the aerosol absorption coefficient, gas scattering coefficient and gas absorption coefficient from the atmospheric extinction coefficient. Following this, the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor, f(RH), was calculated as the ratio of wet and dry aerosol scattering coefficients. Measurements of size-resolved chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and published functional relationships between particle chemical composition and water uptake were likewise used to find the aerosol scattering coefficients in wet and dry conditions using Mie theory for internally- or externally-mixed particle species [(NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NaCl, POM, EC and residue]. Closure was obtained by comparing the measured f(RH) values from the nephelometer and other in situ optical instruments with those computed from chemical composition and thermodynamics. Results show that the model can represent the observed f(RH) and is appropriate for use as a component in other higher-order models.     

"2001.9.18"华西突发性强暴雨的中尺度分析

利用地面、高空和卫星观测等资料,分析了2001年9月18～20日发生在青藏高原东侧的强暴雨天气过程,揭示了暴雨的激发机制和若于中尺度特征.主要结果是(1)导致本次突发性强暴雨天气的中尺度系统是在一天内,在同一区域重复新生的2个中-β尺度对流云团.(2)边界层东南低空急流的不断加强和非地转变化对强降水天气起积极作用.(3)在强降水天气发生的每一时段,散度变化均较涡度变化对强降水天气的指示性好,前者与暴雨的关系更为密切.(4)大气运动非平衡强迫激发气流辐合增长是强降水天气的主要激发机制,未来12 h强降水发生的区域、降水强度、中心变化与非平衡强负值区变化相一致.     

GNSS接收机测量强震地震波的精度分析

在分析强震地震波信号幅频特性的基础上,采用GNSS信号模拟器,设计具有强震地震波特点的正弦轨迹,从载波相位原始量测数据和定位结果两个层面分别评估两款GNSS接收机（Trimble Net-R9和NovAtel OEM628）高频（50 Hz）观测的测量性能。结果表明,在地震波高频动态条件下,两款接收机的载波相位和定位结果都出现了明显误差,测量精度随正弦运动频率的增加而恶化,Trimble Net-R9接收机尤甚。     

基于地面运动强度及标准贯入试验的上海地区砂土地震液化评价

上海市地处长江三角洲前缘,黄浦江和苏州河交汇区域,特殊的地理环境与沉积环境导致浅部砂层广泛发育。随着城市建设的不断推进,上海城市区域范围的砂土地震液化风险评价成为亟待研究的课题。文章基于上海市工程钻孔数据,结合地震地面运动加速度分布与标准贯入试验,建立区域性地震液化危险性评价模型,对上海市进行了地震液化危险性评价。研究认为当发生50年超越概率10%的地震条件下,上海市陆域面积的66.0%将不会产生地震砂土液化灾害,21.8%的陆域面积仅发生轻微液化,只有崇明、横沙、长兴三岛,黄浦江及苏州河两岸地震液化等级达到中等甚至严重,占全市陆域面积12.3%;50年超越概率2%的地震条件下,随着峰值地面运动加速度整体升高,全市范围内轻微—严重液化区域明显增多,可能发生地震液化的总面积达到全市陆域面积46.25%。上海市存在砂土地震液化的危险性,但是发生概率较低。研究认为,目前的抗震设计规范中上海市的设防烈度偏高,可能导致不必要的建设成本。同时研究中的不同超越概率下的地震液化危险性评价结果为上海市工程建设相关标准的合理化改进的提供了建议和参考。     

基于高斯投影的城市独立坐标系参数获取方法

通过获取某城市独立坐标系与国家通用坐标系两个同名点成果,利用高斯投影正算公式对其进行坐标变换,简化成一个关于该独立坐标系中央子午线的一元高次方程;再利用迭代法解算出中央子午线,进而解算参考椭球长半径、北方向偏移量和东方向偏移量等参数,从而实现该独立坐标系与国家大地坐标系之间的成果转换与应用。     

Kinematic source model for simulation of near-fault ground motion field using explicit finite element method

1 Introduction The prediction of broadband near-fault ground motion is an important aspect of seismic risk analysis, and is essential for the evaluation of urban seismic safety. Many methodologies are used to model the near-fault ground motions, such as the Green function method, ?nite element (FE) / ?nite difference (FD) method and a hybrid method (Aagaard, 1999; Oprsal and Zahradnik, 2002; Oprsal et al., 2003 a and b). In the hybrid method, the FE / FD method is used to model the low fr…     

面向地理实践力培养的Sun Surveyor手机软件的应用研究——以“地球的运动”为例

信息技术的应用和发展对改变学生的学和教师的教具有重要作用。从地理实践力的培养要求出发,以"观察、使用工具和实践想法"三个角度为切入点,借助Sun Surveyor并结合地球运动进行案例设计。希望能为地理教师运用信息技术进行教学提供思路,以期更好地落实地理实践力的培养。