从鱼类胚胎分离总RNA的新方法

众所周知,提取高纯度和完整的ＲＮＡ是开展鱼类胚胎发育分子生物学的前提。据Ｓａｍｂｒｏｏｋ,Ｊ．等１９８９年,Ｃｈｏｍｃｚｙｎｓｋｉ,Ｐ．等１９８７年报道,分离动物细胞质的总ＲＮＡ主要是在强变性试剂,如：盐酸胍、异硫氰酸胍,或在含有蛋白酶Ｋ的缓冲溶液中,通过匀浆细胞来分离和提取细胞质的总ＲＮＡ。用这类方法提取的总ＲＮＡ往往受少量ＤＮＡ的污染,可能在构建ｃＤＮＡ文库和反转录聚合酶链式反应中引起混乱。用无ＲＮＡ酶的ＤＮＡ酶处理提取的总ＲＮＡ也不是十分理想的方法,为克服以上方法的缺陷,本文在已有的鱼类胚…     

中国粮食总产量预测方法研究

文中在计算气候生产力的基础上 ,将粮食产量分离成经济技术产量和气象产量。并利用化肥施用量、一季稻种植面积百分率和 1～ 3月份平均温度分别建立它们的预测模型。此方法计算简单、预测时效长、准确率较高 ,在业务服务中有着广泛的应用前景     

有偏移距VSP地震资料的CDP成图成像方法研究

相对于仅仅提供井中菲涅耳带内地层信息的井口零偏移距VSP（vertical seismic profile）勘探,有偏移距VSP勘探可以得到远离井区域的反射信息,使研究区域拓宽,成像精度提高,且便于对地面勘探实施约束．提出了一种利用有偏移距VSP数据研究地球内部结构的CDP（common depth point ）成图方法．其中,利用Ｆ-Ｋ波场分离技术进行VSP资料的上／下波场分离,并在均匀介质环境下计算成图条件,进而进行地球内部结构的图象重建． 利用本方法对有限差分法正演模拟的超深井VSP地震资料进行了VSP成图处理,并获得较为满意的结果．模拟结果显示,在模型速度与真实速度误差小于10%的情况下,利用本方法仍可以获得比较准确的地球内部结构图象．最后,介绍了本方法处理实际有偏移距VSP观测资料的结果．      

海洋霉菌抗真菌作用的研究Ⅰ.具广谱抗菌活性的海洋霉菌M182的分离

从南海海泥中分离出一株霉菌（编号为Ｍ１８２）,经初步鉴定为青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｓｐ．）。该年所产生的广谱抗生素,对细菌、酵母及丝状真菌均有抑制作用。     

真鲷淋巴细胞的分离

用Ficoll-Paque和Percoll液,使用高速离心法对真鲷末梢血中的淋巴细胞进行分离实验.结果指出,用Ficoll-Paque液分离时,2100r/min、20C离心35min,活淋巴细胞数占全部被分离白血球的(79.5±6.5)%.当用Percoll液分离时,在1400r/min、25℃离心30min,淋巴细胞数占全部被分离白血球的(77.2±4.3)%.可见,这2种分离培养液都可用干真鲷淋巴细胞的分离,但在各自的最佳条件下Ficoll-Paque的分离效果略好于Percoll.     

海滨锦葵种子含油量的遗传分析

海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginiva)是重要的能源油料植物,对海滨锦葵种子含油量进行遗传分析具有重要意义.以高油海滨锦葵品种KV23(P1和低油海滨锦葵品种KV16(P2)及其杂交组合的F1、F2群体为材料,以单株种子含油量为指标,应用P1、P2、F1和F2 4个世代的数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析方法,对海滨锦葵种子含油量进行了遗传分析.结果表明,海滨锦葵种子含油量可能由两时加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制,主基因遗传率为49.87%,主基因和多基因共同解释的遗传率为80.14%.     

欠定盲源分离的稀疏分量分析方法

分析了解决欠定盲源分离问题的稀疏分量分析方法,通过聚类算法得到混合矩阵的估计,通过优化算法恢复源信号。总结了各种实现"聚类"和"优化"的具体方法,论述了欠定盲源分离和稀疏分量分析、压缩传感之间的紧密联系,对欠定盲源分离进行了展望。     

Inheritance of 15 microsatellites in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas： segregation and null allele identification for linkage analysis

Microsatellites were screened in a backcross family of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Fifteen microsatellite loci were distinguishable and polymorphic with 6 types of allele-combinations. Null alleles were detected in 46.7% of loci, accounting for 11.7% of the total alleles. Four loci did not segregate in Mendelian Ratios. Three linkage groups were identified among 7 of the 15 segregating loci. Fluorescence-based automated capillary electrophoresis (ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer) that used to detect the microsatellite loci, has been proved a fast, precise, and reliable method in microsatellite genotyping.     

Optimization of preparative separation and purification of total polyphenols from Sargassum tenerrimum by column chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum (ST) with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents: macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as: with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concentration of extract solution (4 times diluted), pH value (6–7), adsorption speed (3 BV h⁻¹, bed volumes/per hour), concentration of ethanol (80%), elution speed (3 BV h⁻¹) and elution volume (7 BV). The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

功在国家，利在人民：博大徐光宪

88岁的徐光宪院士,以其学术成就和推动我国稀土加工技术巨大进步,奠定了他在化学界泰斗地位,使我国稀土分离技术走进世界最前列,因此荣膺2008年度中国国家级最高科技奖。