Mica Inclusions inside Host Mica Grains from the Sutlej Section of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines, India—Morphology and Constrains in Genesis

Abstract: Biotite and muscovite inclusions inside mica host minerals from the Sutlej section of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline were studied under an optical microscope. These inclusions formed possibly by local recrystallization of mica grains during regional prograde metamorphism, with some affected by top-to-SW shear leading to parallelogram shapes. Recrystallization may have been assisted by solution transfer along the cleavage planes of the host grains. The relative competency of deformed phyllosilicate inclusions with the same or different composition to the host depends on the size and orientation of (001) cleavage planes of the inclusions relative to the host. Shearing of mica inclusions led to their parallelogram geometries within the contained mica inclusions. Some of the sheared inclusions deflect cleavage planes in the host minerals and define flanking microstructures. Trapezoid-shaped inclusions are a new finding that deserves more attention for their genesis. These structurally anisotropic inclusions did not originate from sub-grains, secondary infillings or retrogression. These inclusions are also not related to pseudomorphism, isomorphism, folding of the bulk rock etc. Some of the inclusions formed by recrystallization of the host mineral during top-to-SW ductile shear.     

New Evidence for Genesis of the Zoige Carbonate-Siliceous-Pelitic Rock Type Uranium Deposit in Southern Qinling: Discovery and Significance of the 64 Ma Intrusions

The carbonaceous-siliceous-argillitic rock type uranium deposit in the Zoige area is located in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and has gained much attention of many geologists and ore deposit experts due to its scale, high grade and abundant associated ores. Because of the insufficient reliable dating of intrusive rocks, the relationship between mineralization and the magmatic activities is still unknown. In order to study this key scientific issue and the ore-forming processes of the Zoige uranium ore field, the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of magmatic rocks was obtained:64.08±0.59 Ma for the granite-prophyry and ~200 Ma for the dolerite. U-Pb dating results of uraninite from the Zoige uranium ore field are mainly concentrated on ~90 Ma and ~60 Ma. According to LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating, the ages for the dolerite, porphyry granite and granodiorite are 200 Ma, 64.08 Ma approximately and 226.5-200.88 Ma, respectively. This indicates that the mineralization has close relationship with activities of the intermediate-acidic magma. The ages of the granite porphyry are consistent with those uraninite U-Pb dating results achieved by previous studies, which reflects the magmatic and ore-forming event during the later Yanshanian. Based on the data from previous researches, the ore bodies in the Zoige uranium ore field can be divided into two categories:the single uranium type and the uranium with polymetal mineralization type. The former formed at late Cretaceous(about 90 Ma), while the latter, closely related to the granite porphyry, formed at early Paleogene(about 60 Ma). And apart from ore forming elemental uranium, the latter is often associated with polymetallic elements, such as molybdenum, nickel, zinc, etc.     

A Preliminary Study of Holocene Climate Change and Human Adaptation in the Horqin Region

Abstract: Human activity during the Holocene in the Horqin region, northeastern China, has been widely documented. As an important proxy record of human activity, black carbon (BC) in sediments has been linked to climate change and human adaptation. A loess-paleosol section located in south Horqin was chosen for this study. Holocene climate change and human adaptation to the environment were discussed by analyzing BC, organic carbon (OC) and other proxies. The conclusions included: (1) before 3900 cal BP, human activity was closely related to the natural environment and cultural development was dominated by climate change. For example, the rapid decline of the agrarian Hongshan culture was caused by a slight decrease in temperature at ~5000 cal BP; (2) during 3900-3200 cal BP, the heavy dependence of human societies on nature gradually lessened and the ability of those human societies to adapt to the environment was enhanced. However, the farming-dominated Lower Xiajiadian culture was nonetheless replaced by the pastoralist Upper Xiajiadian culture due to an extremely cooling event at ~3200 cal BP; (3) during the late Holocene period, the marked influence of climate change on human activity might have lessened as a result of a clear improvement in human labor skills. After this, human living styles were influenced by cultural developments rather than climate change because humans had mastered more powerful means of productivity.     

Geochemistry and Origin of Layers in Single Manganese Nodule from the Philippine Sea and Manganese Nodules from Offshore Minami-Torishima,Western Pacific

Layers from one manganese nodule dredged from the Philippine Sea(16°56'N, 129°48'E; water depth, 5700 m) and 45 bulk nodules from offshore Minami-Torishima Island, Japan(23°3'N, 153°22'E; water depth, 1200 m) were analyzed chemically and their origin is discussed based on geochemical constraints. In general, Cu, Ni, Zn and Mo tend to increase with increasing Mn content, while Co, Pb, Ba, V, Sc, Th, and the rare earth elements(REEs) show less variation with increasing Mn content. Nodule 42 H from the Philippine Sea has an average Mn/Fe ratio close to 1 and shows a positive Ce anomaly, suggesting a predominant hydrogenous origin. Profiles of 230Th230 ex and Thex/232 Th ratios in the outer ~0.3 mm of nodule 42 H indicate a steady growth rate of ~1.7 mm/Myr. Nodule E30 from offshore Minami-Torishima is characterized by lower Mn, Fe, Mn/Fe(0.53) and Mo/V(0.2) ratios but higher P and Cu/Ni(0.31) ratio relative to other nodules from that area. The Ce content of E30 is unusually low(82 ppm) when compared with other nodules from the area and it is the only nodule analyzed with a negative Ce anomaly(-0.64). Based on the geochemical data we suggest that most nodules from offshore Minami-Torishima are primarily of hydrogenous origin except E30, which is dominated by hydrothermal input, and E45, which has about a 35% hydrothermal contribution.     

墨绿色仿翡翠品的宝石学特征

我国玉器市场的繁荣发展,使得玉器优劣并存,导致大量墨绿色“石材”充斥市场,充当翡翠销售.在广东玉器加工批发集散市场上收集了多种墨绿色仿翡翠原料,挑选具有代表性的4件原料进行测试分析.通过宝石显微镜观察、折射率、密度以及红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、偏光显微镜薄片鉴定等测试方法进行对比研究.该4件样品的密度、折射率与翡翠一致,红外反射光谱与绿辉石非常相似,但其结构特征、矿物组成明显区别于翡翠.综合国标判定,该4件样品均为仿翡翠品.笔者提醒,常规宝石学测试和红外光谱测试不易区分此类制品,而加强基础性研究、提高镜下鉴定能力是防范检测风险的有效途径.     

广西百色盆地更新世沉积物中粘土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义

为研究百色盆地红土剖面中粘土矿物的特征并恢复盆地中更新世以来的古气候演化序列,利用X射线衍射分析对百色盆地大旺红土剖面中粘土矿物进行了深入、系统的研究。结果表明,沉积物的粘土矿物组成主要为伊利石、高岭石及蛭石(或羟基铝蛭石),但在约0.26Ma处其相对含量出现明显变化,表明百色盆地中更新世中期至晚更新世早期表生风化作用逐渐加强,其气候条件经历了从"相对干凉→暖湿"的演化。这一结果与河湖相沉积物磁化率所记录的MIS 7.5(0.26Ma)"冰期→间冰期"转折时期相一致。沉积物中伊利石结晶度结果显示,其(001)衍射峰半高宽值从早期的相对平稳转变为晚期的波动性变化,说明百色地区气候经历了相对冷干到相对暖湿的转型,与粘土矿物相对含量变化、河湖相沉积物磁化率变化、邻区钙华沉积及南海各古气候指标所揭示的记录相一致。     

肇源新型自动土壤水分观测仪与人工平行观测资料对比分析

采用对比差值、差值概率等方法对肇源2012年5月3日-11月13日期间GStar DZN2型自动土壤水分观测仪与人工平行对比观测的土壤湿度资料进行统计。结果表明,人工与自动观测资料的一致性在20和40 cm土层表现最好,60 cm土层表现最差,总体上人工观测值高于自动观测值。     

色球耀斑Hα谱线轮廓不对称性研究

Hα谱线轮廓的不对称性是色球耀斑光谱观测中的重要特征,也是耀斑动力学过程的重要观测事实之一．以紫金山天文台太阳光谱仪的观测资料为依据,给出Hα谱线不对称性的典型轮廓．在考虑氢原子非热激发、电离的作用下,经验性地计算了不同大气模型下谱线的不对称性特征,并在此基础上,对观测谱线进行半经验的研究．结果表明, 色球区的向下运动能够产生Hα谱线的红、蓝不对称性,并可以再生具体耀斑的谱线不对称性特征．此外,不仅非热粒子的能流、谱指数大小以及速度场所处的高度对谱线轮廓有影响,耀斑大气的背景模型对谱线的轮廓也有一定的影响．     

Relation between the “Double-Hump” Behavior in the Radio Band and the Broad-Line Luminosity for Blazars

The physics behind the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars remains open. We assembled 36 blazars to tackle the factors that control their SED. Now, many blazar spec- tra have the "double hump" feature in the radio and far-IR frequencies. For these a parameter, , is created to characterize the behavior of the SED. We found a significant correlation be- tween the broad-line luminosity (LBLR) and . Because LBLR is an indicator of the accreting power of the source in blazars, we derived a linear correlation, ∝ M˙1/3.18, which suggests that the SED of blazars may depend on the accretion rate, like that of BL Lac objects. We also found a significant correlation between ■ and for a sample of 11 blazars (out of one of 36) with available black hole masses. This implies the Eddington accretion ratio may influence the shape of the SED of blazars.     

考虑LS+AR模型基础数据量的极移预报研究

针对目前极移最小二乘(Least Square, LS)+自回归(AutoRegressive, AR)预报模型的单一数据选取方案, 提出分别考虑LS模型数据量和AR残差数据量的组合数据模式, 并对极移预报时单一数据和组合数据预报结果精度进行分析, 探讨模型输入数据量对极移预报精度的影响. 结果表明, 模型输入数据量的变化对极移预报结果影响较大. 采用组合数据预报的方式相比较于单一数据量预报方式精度更高, 特别是针对30--360 d跨度内的中长期预报, 组合数据量的极移预报精度可比单一数据量预报精度有较大改善. 结论证明组合数据在极移预报时具有一定的优势, 可为以后极移预报数据量选取提供一定的借鉴参考意义.