Structure and evolution of magnetic fields associated with solar eruptions

This paper reviews the studies of solar photospheric magnetic field evolution in active regions and its relationship to solar flares. It is divided into two topics, the magnetic structure and evolution leading to solar eruptions and rapid changes in the photospheric magnetic field associated with eruptions. For the first topic, we describe the magnetic complexity, new flux emergence, flux cancelation, shear motions, sunspot rotation and magnetic helicity injection, which may all contribute to the storage and buildup of energy that trigger solar eruptions. For the second topic, we concentrate on the observations of rapid and irreversible changes of the photospheric magnetic field associated with flares, and the implication on the restructuring of the three-dimensional magnetic field. In particular, we emphasize the recent advances in observations of the photospheric magnetic field, as state-of-the-art observing facilities(such as Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory) have become available. The linkages between observations, theories and future prospectives in this research area are also discussed.     

The inner solar system cratering record and the evolution of impactor populations

We review previously published and newly obtained crater size-frequency distributions in the inner solar system. These data indicate that the Moon and the terrestrial planets have been bombarded by two populations of objects. Population 1,dominating at early times, had nearly the same size distribution as the present-day asteroid belt, and produced heavily cratered surfaces with a complex, multi-sloped crater size-frequency distribution. Population 2, dominating since about 3.8–3.7 Gyr,had the same size distribution as near-Earth objects(NEOs) and a much lower impact flux, and produced a crater size distribution characterized by a differential –3single-slope power law in the crater diameter range 0.02 km to 100 km. Taken together with the results from a large body of work on age-dating of lunar and meteorite samples and theoretical work in solar system dynamics, a plausible interpretation of these data is as follows. The NEO population is the source of Population 2 and it has been in near-steady state over the past ～ 3.7–3.8 Gyr; these objects are derived from the main asteroid belt by size-dependent non-gravitational effects that favor the ejection of smaller asteroids. However, Population 1 was composed of main belt asteroids ejected from their source region in a size-independent manner, possibly by means of gravitational resonance sweeping during orbit migration of giant planets;this caused the so-called Late Heavy Bombardment(LHB). The LHB began some time before ～3.9 Gyr, peaked and declined rapidly over the next ～ 100 to 300 Myr,and possibly more slowly from about 3.8–3.7 Gyr to ～2 Gyr. A third crater population(Population S) consisted of secondary impact craters that can dominate the cratering record at small diameters.     

基于Delta算子的航天器自主交会鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计

针对有限通信情形下航天器自主交会的故障检测问题,提出了基于Delta算子的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计方法.采用C-W方程来描述航天器间的相对运动模型,通过Delta算子方法对其进行离散化处理得到系统的离散模型.在故障检测滤波器设计中,考虑信号量化和数据丢包同时存在的情况,并且采用随机伯努利序列来描述数据丢包现象.最后,基于LMI方法给出故障诊断存在的充分条件,并通过数值仿真验证了所设计滤波器的有效性.     

脉冲星射电辐射束半径与周期关系的研究

脉冲星的周期非常稳定.前人通过研究发现脉冲星射电辐射束半径大小应该正比于周期的-1/3或-1/2次方.通过整理收集了87颗信噪比很好的、偏振位置角明显为"S"曲线的脉冲星数据,用脉冲星辐射束几何模型计算得到了每颗脉冲星的辐射束半径及误差.发现脉冲星周期小于0.85 s时,辐射束半径正比于周期的-1/2次方.周期大于0.85 s时,辐射束半径与周期之间并没有明显的幂律关系,但这可能与选择效应有关.当假设脉冲星的磁倾角为90?时,计算得到的辐射束半径随周期分布的下边界正比于周期的-1/2次方,与前人的结论一致.     

1:25万吐错幅、江爱达日那幅、黑虎岭幅、多格错仁幅地质调查成果与进展

地层古生物方面,在原鲁谷组灰岩和火山岩层位之下新发现一套以类复理石沉积为主的深水沉积物,特别是“冰水杂砾岩”;解体了测区南部前泥盆系“戈木日群”浅变质岩系,大部分厘定为二叠系;新发现一套出露较完整的三叠系地层剖面;南羌塘新建3个组级岩石地层单位。构造方面,“中央隆起带”是龙木错-双湖构造带的一部分;测区双湖构造混杂岩带的南北边界均为大型韧性剪切带所分割;新发现上三叠统若拉岗日群岛弧相火山岩;测区南北向新构造调查取得重要进展。油气资源方面,新发现较大规模的沥青脉和几处稠油、油页岩显示点。     

丽江高美古的二期选址——3#点和6#点的视宁度对比观测

介绍了丽江高美古二期选址在踏勘和筛选工作的基础上 ,对 3 # 点和6# 点的视宁度进行了对比观测。通过对 1 999年 2月 6日～ 1 999年 1 2月 3 1日 2个点共 4 756组同时段观测数据的统计和处理得到 :3 # 点的视宁度平均值为 1 1 .2 62 3cm ,6# 点的视宁度平均值为 1 1 .5952cm。经F分布检验和t分布检验假设成立 ,作出 3 # 点和 6# 点的视宁度无显著性差异的推断 ,与初期用衍射环观测视宁度的结果一致 ,进一步说明了高美古整个山头的视宁度都是优良的     

如何应对失控航天器坠地的威胁

目前,地球人不仅受到小行星撞击地球的威胁,还受到失控航天器坠入地球的威胁。2011年,在轨退役的美国“高层大气研究卫星”和德国“伦琴”天文卫星先后再入地球大气层;2012年1月15日,因故障而停留在地球轨道的俄罗斯“火卫——土壤”探测器坠入太平洋智利海岸附近。     

2007年世界航天活动大盘点

2007年的世界航天活动总地来讲是比较顺利的,虽然也遇到一些挫折,但所取得的成就更为显著,尤其是在人造地球卫星和空间探测器方面,发射了一些举世瞩目的新型航天器,促进了航天技术的发展和应用。     

The time and frequency standard system for FAST receivers

This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The stability and drift rate of the frequency standard are calculated using 1-year monitoring data.The UTC-NIM Disciplined Oscillator(NIMDO)system improves the system time accuracy and stability to the level of 5 ns.Pulsar timing observations were carried out for several months.The weighted RMS of timing residuals reaches the level of less than 3.0μs.