人工源地电场空间变化区域性特征

认识地震电信号特征对地震短临预报具有重要意义.通过陕甘宁晋地区、川滇地区、山东及其周边地区和上海地区的换流站接地极向地下注入2100—4600 A大电流,研究各地区地电场的变化特征,以深入地认识地电场信号的区域性变化实质.研究显示:① 在陕甘宁晋地区,高沙窝大电流源的附加地电场可被分布于鄂尔多斯地块边缘弧形地带的490 km范围内的10个台站观测到,而距该信号源以西150 km的台站均未观测到该信号;② 在川滇地区,丽江信号源的南部地区观测到的信号强度和距离远大于北部地区.对于西昌大电流源,只有距其10 km处的小庙台和540 km处的仙女山台可观测到信号,而其它十几个台站均未观测到;③ 在山东和上海地区,可被观测到的人工源信号的最远距离及其特征各不相同,亦与陕甘宁晋和川滇地区大为不同;④ 对于本文所研究的地区,信号的波形变化存在着随台站与信号源距离的增加畸变程度增大的现象,一些台站只能记录到大电流开始和结束时的尖峰脉冲信息.针对上述变化特征,本文从机理和地质条件等方面进行了一些有益的探讨,以期加深对地震电信号变化特征的认识.      

基于模糊隶属度的雷电危险度等级评定

利用2013—2017年青海省西宁市测站半径10 km的闪电定位监测数据,选取地域范围一小时内的地闪数目和一小时内的最大雷电流幅值作为雷电危险度因子。确定因子分级的上下限和因子区间划分,计算出单因子雷电危险度等级的隶属度与权重。采用梯形分布函数和模糊统计方法确定雷电危险度因子的隶属度函数,根据隶属度函数得出模糊矩阵,并进行模糊矩阵复合运算,求出雷电危险度综合指数,得出雷电危险度等级。结果表明：根据建立的模糊综合评判方法能够全面、客观、准确地反映一次闪电过程的危险度状况,有效评定雷电危险度等级,评定结果较为客观地反映了雷击事件的实际状况,从而为气象防灾减灾、雷电灾害调查和雷击风险评估等业务提供科学性的决策服务和参考依据。     

基于地磁垂直分量反相位现象的地下畸变电流正演计算

基于毕奥萨伐尔定理正演模拟不同深度和强度的电流感应磁场空间分布及其随时间的变化,并根据甘东南地区大地电磁测深反演的电性结构成果,定量计算2013年岷县漳县MS6.6地震前的畸变电流强度,发现其感应磁场在Z分量上的叠加效果与实测数据差异较小。该模型在一定程度上解释了此次地震前出现的大范围地磁低点位移现象,可应用于出现低点位移现象且电性结构比较清楚的地区。     

冕流电流片的白光和紫外观测研究

日冕电流片是日冕磁重联发生的主要区域, 这一过程将磁能转化为等离子体的热能和动能. 通过选取大角度光谱日冕仪(Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph, LASCO)的白光与远紫外日冕成像光谱仪(Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer, UVCS)的紫外观测, 研究了2003年1月3日观测到的冕流电流片. LASCO C2白光数据显示电流片中的等离子体团在视场中可从60km·s^-1加速至340km·s^-1, 加速度为 60m·s^-2; 假设视向深度为0.3--1.5R_⊙, 得到所研究电流片在UVCS狭缝高度处的平均电子数密度约为(1.52--7.60)×10⁷cm^-3. 对沿UVCS视场狭缝分布的[Fe xviii ] 974 ? A和Lyα谱线强度进行研究, 发现电流片处的[Fe xviii ]谱线强度比周围明显增大, 计算得到所研究时段内电流片的电子温度范围为(2.94–4.04)×10⁶K; 而在电流片处的Lyα谱线强度相对周围变化不大, 在电流片内部两侧强度比中心略高, 可能的主要原因是电流片内部中心处等离子体的运动速度要比两侧快, 这使得中心比两侧有更强的多普勒暗化作用. 以UVCS观测的Lyα和[Fe xviii ]谱线的辐射强度比和计算的电子温度为约束条件, 发现当狭缝电流片处等离子体运动速度约为237–254 km·s ^?1 时, 通过理论计算的Lyα和[Fe xviii ]谱线的辐射发射率比值和观测谱线强度比值相当. 在该速度范围内, 电流片内部Lyα辐射的碰撞项约为辐射项的42%–57%. 此事件中的冕流电流片比通常情形下的冕流电流片中等离子体温度更高、运动速度更大, 可能的原因在于其南侧爆发的两个日冕物质抛射促进了电流片中的磁重联过程, 更多的磁能释放用于等离子体的加热和加速. 所得研究结果可以为我国将要发射的先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S)未来的资料处理提供重要参考.     

Modeling of suspended sediment transport with waveinduced longshore current in Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta

A three-dimensional suspended sediment model(SED)developed by the present authors is coupled with the combinatorial model of COHERENS(Luyten et al.,1999) (the three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamical-ecological model for Regional and Shelf Seas) and SWAN(Holthuijsen et al.,2004) (the third generation wave model).SWAN is regarded as a subroutine of COHERENS and gets time-and space-varying current velocity and surface elevation from COHERENS.COHERENS gets time-and space-varying wave relevant parameters provided by SWAN.Effects of wave on current are applied in bottom shear stress,wave-induced depth-dependent radiation stress and surface drag coefficient calculation.At the same time,the damping function of suspended sediment on turbulence is introduced into COHERENS.So the sediment model SED has feed back on circulation model COHERENS.The SED obtains current as sociated parameters from COHERENS.Then a couple dhydrodynamic-sediment model COHERENS-SED being able to account for interaction between wave and current is obtained.COHERENS-SED is adopted to simulate three-dimensional suspended sediment transport in the Huanghe River delta.In terms of simulation results,there is obvious diffierence between top and bottom layer of wave-induced longshore current.The values of time series of sediment concentration gotten by COHERENS-SED have,generally,an accepted agreement extent with measurement.Significant wave heights and wave periods obtained by COHERENS-SED show that wave simulation case with current’s effect can give better agreement extent with measurement than case without current’s effect.In the meantime,suspended sediment concentration distributing rule obtained by COHERENS-SED is similar to former researches and measurement.     

Numerical Simulation of Spatial Lag Between Wave Breaking Point and Location of Maximum Wave-Induced Current

A quasi three-dimensional numerical model of wave-driven coastal currents with the effects of surface rollers is developed for the study of the spatial lag between the location of the maximum wave-induced current and the wave breaking point.The governing equations are derived from Navier-Stokes equations and solved by the hybrid method combining the fractional step finite different method in the horizontal plane with a Galerkin finite element method in the vertical direction.The surface rollers effects are considered through incorporating the creation and evolution of the roller area into the free surface shear stress.An energy equation facilitates the computation process which transfers the wave breaking energy dissipation to the surface roller energy.The wave driver model is a phase-averaged wave model based on the wave action balance equation.Two sets of laboratory experiments producing breaking waves that generated longshore currents on a planar beach are used to evaluate the model's performance.The present wave-driven coastal current model with the roller effect in the surface shear stress term can produce satisfactory results by increasing the wave-induced nearshore current velocity inside the surf zone and shifting the location of the maximum longshore current velocity landward.     

Numerical Study of Influence of Currents on Nonlinear Focusing Waves

In this paper,a numerical model for nonlinear wave propagation in currents is formulated by a set of enhanced fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations with ambient currents.This model is verified by comparison with the published results.Then the influence of currents on nonlinear focusing waves is studied by use of the numerical model.It is found that the effect of currents on the surface elevations at the focal location is negligible.Following currents can augment the maximum crest of focusing wave while decre...     

地球极区电离层对行星际激波的响应

本文就地球电离层对行星际激波的动力学响应进行三维全球数值模拟研究．背景行星际磁场为螺旋场,南北分量为零;初始电离层由Ⅰ区场向电流和相应的晨昏电场所主导;行星际激波沿日地连线方向撞击地球．模拟结果表明,在激波的作用下,电离层Ⅰ区电流系统向子夜方向运动,在向阳侧相继出现与原Ⅰ区电流反向的异常场向电流对和同向的新生Ⅰ区电流对．该异常场向电流对在极盖区形成瞬间昏晨电场,尾随原Ⅰ区电流向夜侧方向漂移直至湮没．与此同时,新生的Ⅰ区电流不断增强并向夜侧和赤道方向延伸,最终取代原Ⅰ区电流,相应极盖区又恢复到原来的晨昏电场状态．这一响应过程和行星际激波强度有关：激波强度越强,新生的Ⅰ区场向电流也越强,它向赤道方向延伸的距离也越大,能到达的纬度也越低．上述结果在趋势上与观测到的输运对流涡旋和亚极光块的运动特征一致．     

武汉地铁运行对应城地震台地磁观测的影响

利用应城地震台2018—2022年地磁观测数据,研究了武汉地铁对Z分量的影响特征。结果表明,应城地震台地磁Z分量背景噪声约0.13 nT,自2019年2月开始受到武汉地铁影响,干扰时段数据出现微小的高频突变。干扰强度与地铁的距离、牵引电压、走行轨的绝缘性等有关,距离越近、牵引电压越高干扰幅度越大;多条线路造成的干扰可能存在叠加。采用直流750 V牵引电压的地铁在80 km外干扰强度小于0.2 nT,而采用直流1 500 V电压的地铁在相同距离干扰强度大于0.6 nT。     

极隙区场向电流对高纬电离层电场和电流体系的影响

用Ｋａｍｉｄｅ－Ｍａｔｓｕｓｈｉｔａ方法，在行星际磁场具有较小的北向分量，且｜Ｂｙ｜＞＞｜Ｂｋ｜时，对磁语和磁扰状态以及Ｂｒ＞０和Ｂｙ＜０等不同情况，分别计算了场向电流引起的电离层电势、电场和电流体系．结果表明，极隙区场向电流的存在使高纬向日面区域的电势发生畸变，当Ｂｙ＞０时，无论是磁扰还是磁静日，极隙区电场具有显著的北向分量；等离子体对流有较大的西向分量；电离层电流为东向电流．当Ｂｙ＜０时，电场和等离子体对流的方向与Ｂｙ＞０时相反；电离层电流在磁抗日有西向分量，但在磁静日没有西向分量．电导率对电场和电流体系的影响十分明显，磁扰极光带电导率增强使电流涡从背阳面向向阳而漂移，与静日相比，磁扰时极隙区场向电流引起的电场畸变更为明显，但电场和电流强度的大小却基本保持不变．