珠江口外内陆架表层沉积物重金属元素形态特征、控制因素及生态风险分析

2011年对珠江口外内陆架海域22个点位表层沉积物中主要的重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和As含量、形态特征、来源控制因素以及潜在生态风险进行了研究。采用了BCR提取法分析各种重金属赋存形态,并依据各种重金属的形态特征与沉积物基质属性进行了相关因子分析,了解其分布的控制因素。结果表明:珠江口外内陆架沉积物重金属分布特征为由陆向海的方向,随着水深增大而逐渐降低。重金属赋存形态中Cr、Ni、Cu、As主要以残渣态存在,Pb主要以可还原态存在,Cd主要以酸提取态存在,Zn主要存在于残渣态与可还原态。各重金属非残渣态比重Cd最高,Cr最低,表明Cd的迁移性最强。各元素非残渣态在平面上的分布与总量分布模式相关性较好,因此,珠江口外内陆架海域通过总量来确定区域重金属污染情况在一定程度上是可靠的。重金属元素与黏土含量、可还原态Fe、Mn含量普遍具有较好的相关性。珠江口外内陆架的重金属来源比较复杂,主要来源于附近大陆的物质输入。运用酸提取态百分含量风险评估法对重金属潜在生态风险进行评价,发现研究区各元素综合风险评价除Cd为高风险外,Cr元素综合风险评价为无风险;其余为中一低风险等级。     

海洋地震资料相位控制处理——东海研究实例

为了满足定量解释的需要,地震资料处理必须是高分辨率、振幅保持和相位控制的.面向海洋地震资料的相位控制处理技术包括利用远场信号进行确定性零相位化、Q补偿、预测反褶积及剩余相位校正等.利用模拟远场信号求取确定性去气泡及零相位化算子.此文基于相位控制处理,讨论了海洋地震资料的相位和极性判别方法,探讨了大于24 ms算子长度的预测反褶积对于保持信号形状的必要性,介绍了东海三维地震资料相位控制流程.     

海洋测量成果质量控制的探讨

结合实际测量过程中出现的问题,对提高海洋测量成果质量的几个关键环节进行了思考,从标准规范、规章制度到人员素质等三个方面提出了相应的建议,对于提高技术人员的基本素质、严格执行标准规范和规章制度、全面提高测量成果质量具有一定的参考意义。     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.     

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT models to forecast land use change and non-point source pollution impact at a watershed scale in Liaoning Province,China

Non-point source （NPS） pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent （CLUE-S） and Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. How- ever, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effec- tively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.     

我国首次钻获高纯度新类型“可燃冰”

正近日,国土资源部在京举行新闻发布会,宣布我国海洋地质科技人员在广东沿海珠江口盆地东部海域首次钻获高纯度天然气水合物(又称"可燃冰")样品,并通过钻探获得可观的控制储量。此次钻获的天然气水合物,赋存于水深600米～1100米的海底以下220米以内的两个矿层中,上层厚度15米,下层厚度30米,自然产状呈层状、块状、结核状、脉状等多种类型,肉眼可辨。岩芯中天然气水合物含矿率平均     

信息物理系统研究与应用综述

信息物理系统是以信息世界与物理世界的紧密结合为显著特征的,集计算、通信与控制为一体的网络系统。首先介绍信息物理系统的起源与发展。比较分析几个比较有代表性的信息物理系统定义,给出对信息物理系统的概念的理解与定义。在文献梳理的基础上,总结信息物理系统的主要特征。简要介绍3个典型的信息物理系统应用方案,即智能电网、生物与医疗、智能高速公路与无人驾驶。最后总结信息物理系统研究与应用中所面临的挑战,提出今后信息物理系统可能的研究热点。为更好地了解信息物理系统相关知识,为信息物理系统领域的研究提供有价值的参考。     

Evaluation of Three Harvest Control Rules for Bigeye Tuna（Thunnus obesus） Fisheries in the Indian Ocean

The stock of Bigeye tuna（Thunnus obesus） in the Indian Ocean supports an important international fishery and is considered to be fully exploited. The responsible management agency, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission（IOTC）, does not have an explicit management decision-making framework in place to prevent over-fishing. In this study, we evaluated three harvest control rules, i） constant fishing mortality（CF）, from 0.2 to 0.6, ii） constant catch（CC）, from 60000 to 140000 t, and iii） constant escapement（CE）, from 0.3 to 0.7. The population dynamics simulated by the operating model was based on the most recent stock assessment using Stock Synthesis version Ⅲ（SS3）. Three simulation scenarios（low, medium and high productivity） were designed to cover possible uncertainty in the stock assessment and biological parameters. Performances of three harvest control rules were compared on the basis of three management objectives（over 3, 10 and 25 years）： i） the probability of maintaining spawning stock biomass above a level that can sustain maximum sustainable yield（MSY） on average, ii） the probability of achieving average catches between 0.8 MSY and 1.0 MSY, and iii） inter-annual variability in catches. The constant escapement strategy（CE=0.5）, constant fishing mortality strategy（F=0.4） and constant catch（CC=80000） were the most rational among the respective management scenarios. It is concluded that the short-term annual catch is suggested at 80000 t, and the potential total allowable catch for a stable yield could be set at 120000 t once the stock had recovered successfully. All the strategies considered in this study to achieve a ‘tolerable＇ balance between resource conservation and utilization have been based around the management objectives of the IOTC.     

关于第二次全省土地调查主要数据成果的公报

正根据《国务院关于开展第二次全国土地调查的通知》(国发〔2006〕38号)和《河南省人民政府贯彻国务院关于开展第二次全国土地调查通知的意见》(豫政〔2007〕35号)要求,河南省自2007年7月1日起开展第二次全省土地调查(以下简称二次调查),于2009年12月31日结束。按照国务院的统一部署,第二次全省土地调查以国家下发的省级调查控制界线为调查区域,依据国家规程、标准,将土地利用现状数据统一到2009年12月31日标准时点。二次调查首次采用统一的土地利用现状分类国家标准,首次采用"政府统一组织、地方实地调查、国家掌控质量"的组     

土地规划与用途管制支撑体系的探讨

一、土地用途管制的技术支撑体系土地规划与用途管制属于现代管理学范畴,遵循管理学理论的基本规律,是以确立目标方案,组织实施落实。控制调整优化的循环过程。在这一过程中,科学确立目标方案是基础,组织实施落实是关键,而规划控制调整优化是不可少的保障环节。