同一个地球，同一个星空——TWAN“夜世界”项目

TWAN（The World At Night,可以翻译成“夜世界”,以下简称“夜世界”）是一个创建、收集并展示一种类型的天文图片和视频的项目。该项目图片的特殊性在于,这些图片中不单只有像恒星、行星这样的天体,还要有地球上著名的、漂亮的地景或地标。“夜世界”项目是连接艺术、人文和科学的桥梁。地球上的人,不管他或她来自哪个国家、哪个区域,头项上星空都是一个。     

液态水与宇宙生命宜居带

所谓“生命宜居带”,指的是行星距离行星系的中心恒星远近“合适”的区域,在这一区域中,由于恒星传递给行星的热量适中,行星既不太热也不太冷。且能够确长期保存在液容水,水是生命存在的关键因素。     

恒星形成星系主序关系的研究现状

观测发现,恒星形成星系(star-forming galaxies, SFGs)的恒星形成率(ψSFR)与恒星质量(M*)之间存在紧密的相关关系(即lgψSFR-lg M*,称为“主序关系”),弥散约为0.2～0.4 dex。主序关系对限制星系演化的理论模型具有重要的意义,是描述星系演化的基本关系之一。近年来,随着大型观测设备和数据处理技术飞速发展,星系形成和演化的理论模型也越来越完善,在此基础上,天文学家对于主序关系的研究取得了许多重要进展。首先介绍测量星系ψSFR的技术和挑选SFGs的方法,方便后续分析主序关系存在系统性偏差的原因。然后介绍主序关系最新的观测进展：主序关系在大质量端会“变平”,可能是由于星系/暗晕冷热吸积模式发生转换导致冷吸积减少;主序关系的弥散对恒星质量的依赖呈现U型,可能是由于小质量端的恒星反馈和大质量端的活动星系核反馈导致恒星质量相近的星系在恒星形成历史上具有多样性;理论与观测得到的主序关系零点在中高红移存在差异的问题依然存在较大争议。最后对主序关系的研究进行了总结和展望。     

基于图像全站仪的天文大地垂线偏差测量及其精度分析EI北大核心CSCD

高精度天文大地垂线偏差在地球重力场模型精化、区域大地水准面模型验证等领域具有重要的应用。目前,数字天顶仪是最为常用的天文大地垂线测量仪器,但存在结构复杂、体积庞大、设备笨重、价格昂贵、运输不便等缺点。本文提出了一种利用图像全站仪实现高精度、全自动垂线偏差测量的方法。简要介绍了垂线偏差测量的基本原理和数据处理方法,并利用Leica公司生产的TS60图像全站仪,在河南郑州和陕西泾阳进行了为期1 a共计23个夜间的野外试验。结果表明,观测时间为12 min时,垂线偏差的内符合测量精度达到0.18″~0.23″;观测时间增加到96 min时,内符合精度提升至0.13″~0.19″,外符合精度优于0.2″。与数字天顶仪相比,图像全站仪兼具了测量精度和效率,甚至具备单人观测的条件,因此具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

高铁建设对特殊类型地区产业转型升级的影响——来自资源型城市的证据

中国资源型城市多位于较偏远地区,而高铁作为交通基础设施的重大提升,拉近了资源型城市与区域中心城市的时空距离,对资源型城市的产业转型升级产生了深刻影响。本文以2003—2018年中国115个资源型城市为样本,在刻画地区产业转型升级时空格局的基础上,实证研究了资源型城市高铁建设对地区产业升级的影响及作用机制。研究发现：(1)与未开通高铁的资源型城市相比,高铁开通显著促进了资源型城市产业结构升级,但并没有促进服务业内部结构升级。(2)随着高铁开通线路的不断增加,在高铁网络中联系较广的资源型城市对地区产业结构升级的促进效应更强。(3)空间异质性分析表明,高铁开通对资源型城市产业升级的促进效应呈现依“与区域中心城市的距离”增加而递增的特征。(4)高铁开通主要是通过投资集聚效应和技术创新效应促进了资源型城市产业结构升级。在缩小区域差距、实现区域协调发展的战略背景下,本研究有助于深入理解交通基础设施升级对特殊类型地区转型和可持续发展的重要意义。     

Monitoring of small and medium embankment dams on permafrost in a changing climate

Global climate warming which began in the second half of the twentieth century is continuing. It is associated with increased risks for ecological management, especially in permafrost areas comprising over 65% of Russia. Of special concern are dams constructed on permafrost. They are subject not only to climatic impacts, but also to additional hydrothermal loads from water reservoirs. This paper presents the concept of geocryological monitoring of dams and other water resource projects and substantiates its necessity in view of climatic change. It also presents methods, scope and implementation of geocryological monitoring at medium and small dams, considering the specific nature of Far Northern areas, as well as the complicated geotechnical, hydrogeological and permafrost conditions.     

三个文蛤家系双列杂交设计在两种环境下的配合力及杂种优势分析

A 3×3 complete diallel cross comprising three families of the clam Meretrix meretrix(P1, P2 and P3) was used to determine the combining ability of parental families and heterosis of F1 under indoor and openair environments for growth traits. Analysis of variance for shell length and whole body weight indicated highly significant cross effects, environment effects and the interaction of cross by environment. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combing ability exhibited great variation among crosses and between two environments. Pooled over environments, P2 was the top combiner among the three parental families for both traits studied. The cross of P1 and P3 had the highest SCA. Additionally, significant reciprocal effects were observed. For individual environment, about half of the crossbred combinations showed favorable Mid-parent heterosis(MPH)(1%) for the shell length and whole body weight. Our data has shown that non-additive genetic and reciprocal effects constituted the major sources of genetic variation for both shell length and whole body weight, which indicates that crossbreeding among selective families could further explore the heterotic effects.     

储层分布特征的时频分析及其在吉林某油田中的应用

时频分析是地震数据处理与解释中的一种重要的技术手段。笔者把该技术应用于吉林某油田中,得知研究区内储层主要由两个朵叶构成,分别位于该油田的西北部和西南部。地震反射波的85%能量位置对应的频率、65%能量位置对应的的频率和45 Hz位置的能量百分比,三个时频属性可确定砂岩的分布范围,有利储层发育程度和分布范围,并给出了有力井位,和钻井情况一致。     

Stellar Population Analysis of Galaxies based on Genetic Algorithms

We present a new method for determining the age and relative contribution of different stellar populations in galaxies based on the genetic algorithm. We apply this method to the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3384, using CCD images in U, B, V, R and I bands. This analysis indicates that the galaxy NGC 3384 is mainly inhabited by old stellar population (age >109yr). Some problems were encountered when numerical simulations are used for determining the contribution of different stellar populations in the integrated color of a galaxy. The results show that the proposed genetic algorithm can search efficiently through the very large space of the possible ages.