独一无二的太阳？

广为接受的观点认为,太阳是一颗普普通通的恒星。但天文学家们却一直没有找到它严格意义上的孪生兄弟。你很好,我很好。但太阳呢？它似乎正陷于中年危机。     

TeV gamma-ray astronomy

The field of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has enjoyed rapid growth in recent years. As an increasing number of sources are detected at TeV energies, the field has matured and become a viable branch of modern astronomy. Lying at the uppermost end of the electromagnetic rainbow, TeV photons are always preciously few in number but carry essential information about the particle acceleration and radiative processes involved in extreme astronomical settings. Together with observations at longer wavelengths, TeV gamma-ray observations have drastically improved our view of the universe. In this re- view, we briefly describe recent progress in the field. We will conclude by providing a personal perspective on the future of the field, in particular, on the significant roles that China could play in advancing this young but exciting field.     

以星溯银河

近期,欧洲空间局“盖亚”卫星在揭开银河系形成史方面取得了重大突破。之前的研究显示,大型星系(如银河系)一般是由若干较小的星系融合的结果。于是,随之出现了一个新问题:像银河系这样的星系是许多小星系,还是少数稍大些的星系融合产生的?来自荷兰格罗宁根大学的阿米娜·海勒米(Amina Helmi)教授在其学术生涯中主要致力于寻找银河系中可能为我们提供其演化线索的“化石”。她利用银晕中恒星的化学组成、位置和轨道追溯它们的历史,并由此识别出塑造早期银河系的各个”融合者”的身份。     

湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响(I)湍流压、物态方程及热力学量的计算

本文以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式．在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙的恒星由主序演化到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段其湍流压的大小．结果证明，在红巨星和ＡＧＢ阶段，靠近恒星表面区域内湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％．     

科技看点

生物学Biology蒲公英也能做橡胶?最近,世界最大的轮胎供应商普利斯通称将从银胶菊和俄罗斯蒲公英中提取橡胶,并有可能在2015年就投入商业生产。怎     

Collapse Velocity and Prompt Explosion for the Presupernova Model Ws15M⊙

For the presupernova model Wsl5M⊙, we re-calculate the electron capture (EC) timescale and hydrodynamical (HD) timescale. We found that the EC timescale can be smaller than the HD timescale in the inner region of the collapse iron core at the moment immediately before the shock wave bounce. The change in these two timescales at the late stage of core collapse is expected to affect the collapse velocity. If the late-time collapse velocity is artificially increased by a small quantity, then prompt explosion of the supernova may happen. Further calculations are still needed to check the plausibility of the acceleration mechanism caused by the faster EC process.     

天文学与其他科学--天文学PK物理学（下）

现在恐怕不知道雷达的人已不会太多了。因为在第二次世界大战中,它为反法西斯战争建立了赫赫功勋。从实力而言,当年英国空军远非希特勒的对手,正如丘吉尔所言：“在人类战争史上,如此以强凌弱,而强者反而遭到如此惨败的先例恐怕是从来没有过的。”英国所以会取胜的因素固然不少,但不可否认,1940年发明的雷达是重要因素之一。     

Radio Phase-Resolved Spectra of the Conal-Double Pulsar Bl133＋16

Based on dividing the profile into a number of absolute phase intervals, the phaseresolved spectra （PHRS） are derived from published time-aligned average profiles at radio frequencies over two decades for the classic conal-double pulsar B1133＋16. The relative spectral index, defined as the difference between the spectral indices of a reference and the given arbitrary phase interval, is obtained by power-law fit at each phase interval. The derived phase-resolved spectra show an ＂M-like＂ shape, of which the leading part and trailing part are approximately symmetrical. The basic feature of the PHRS is that the spectrum first flattens then steepens as the pulse phase sweeps from the profile center to the profile edges. The PHRS provide a coherent explanation of the major features of profile evolution of B 1133＋ 16, namely, the pulse width shrinkage with increasing frequency and the frequency evolution of the relative intensity between the leading and trailing conal components, and the bridge emission. The PHRS may be an indicator for emission spectral variation across the pulsar magnetosphere. Possible mapping from PHRS to emission-location-dependent spectral variation is presented, and some intrinsic mechanisms are discussed.     

M型星AT Mic的X射线耀发统计研究

恒星耀发是剧烈的恒星活动过程,对恒星周围行星的大气构成和生命演化有重大影响.恒星耀发的辐射主要分布在光学和X射线波段,其中耀发时X射线波段流量可以增大数十至数百倍.M型耀星是最有可能存在类地行星的宿主恒星,因此,研究M型耀星的X射线耀发分布对寻找宜居的类地行星具有重要意义,并且也可以为即将发射的爱因斯坦探针卫星(Ein...