我国太阳辐射量区域性变化特征研究*

对我国近35年来到达地面的太阳辐射量观测资料进行方差分析和统计检验,结果表明:从70年代开始,我国太阳直接辐射和总辐射量普遍减少,变化趋势分别为-246MJ/m2·10a和-16.8MJ/m2·10a,减少量最大中心在长江流域。太阳散射辐射量在东北、华北以及南方地区增加,在长江流域和西北地区减少。此外,用太阳辐射量倾向率的形式归纳出我国四种典型的区域性太阳辐射量季节变化特征。     

第23周太阳活动峰年北京天文台太阳射电观测

An introduction to the instrumonts to be used for solar radio observations in Beijing in Solar Cycle 23 is made in this paper. They are 10cm solar radio telescope which has been used for a long time,and 1.0～2.0GHz,2.6～3.8GHz and 5.2～7.6GHz spectrometers. The former two spectrometers has passed a test,showing high guality,and the 5.2～7.6GHz one will be in operation from 1999. It is believed that highl gualified data should be obtained in the next solar cycle.     

“地球的公转”一节的教法设计

“公转的轨道和周期”内容中,关键是讲明白日地距离和公转速度的变化规律知识。为培养学生的逻辑思维能力和分析综合能力,我主要采用启发提问的教学方法配合讲述法讲授。边讲述“开普勒定律”,边在黑板上速绘“日地距离和公转速度图”,并说明“行星运行的轨道是椭圆的,太阳就位于—个焦点上”。启发提问：太阳位于椭圆的两焦点之一,     

太阳自轉对地磁場的影响（二）

作者在前一篇文章里分析每月五天国际磁扰日在太阳自轉周里的頻率分布,得到下述两个結論: 1.国际地磁干扰日在太阳自轉周里确实存在着一个不变的頻率分布,地磁場发生干扰的可能性,在頻率高的日序里約为在頻率低的日序里的二倍。 2.太阳的活动性,在太阳經圈上的分布是不均勻的,有些部分活动性強,有些部分活动性弱。     

欧洲球载太阳望远镜SUNRISE及相关研究成果简介

利用发射到平流层的球载太阳望远镜来观测太阳磁场演化和监视太阳活动有着得天独厚的优势.首先,在平流层中,球载太阳望远镜对太阳的观测不受来自地球对流层大气中天气现象的干扰,处于无视宁度影响的环境中,这为获取高质量的太阳图像提供了优越的条件.其次,平流层的空气已经十分稀薄,对紫外线的吸收也大大减弱,球载太阳望远镜能够在近紫外...     

Energy Buildup,Flux Confinement and Helicity Accumulation in the Solar Corona

Starting from a dipole field and a given distribution of footpoint displace- ment of field lines on the photosphere,we find axisymmetric,force-free field solutions in spherical coordinates that have the same distribution of normal field on the photo- sphere and magnetic topology as the dipole field.A photospheric shear is introduced in the azimuthal direction in a region that strides across the equator and ends at latitude γ_s.The footpoint displacement has a sine distribution in latitude and a peak amplitude of (?)_m.The magnetic energy E,azimuthal flux F_(?),and magnetic helicity H_T in the solar corona are then calculated for each force-free field solution.It is found that for a given shear region range γ_s,all of the three quantities increase monotoni- cally with increasing (?)_m.In particular,both F_(?) and H_T have a linear dependence on (?)m.When (?)_m reaches a certain critical value (?)_(mc),the force-free field loses equilib- rium,leading to a partial opening of the field and the appearance of a current sheet in the equatorial plane.At this point,E,F_(?)and H_T reach their maximum values, E_c,F_((?)c) and H_(Tc).E_c increases,and F_((?)c) and H_(Tc)decrease with decreasing λ_s.It is found that E_c is always smaller than the open field energy,in agreement with the Aly conjecture.Of the three critical parameters,E_c has the weakest dependence on λ_s.Therefore,if one is interested in the transition of a magnetic configuration from a stable state to a dynamic one,the magnetic energy is probably the most appropriate marker of the transition.     

如何观测和拍摄日全食

2009年7月22日上午将发生日全食,这是廿一世纪可看到月亮遮掩太阳时间最长的日全食,全食时间最长可达6分39秒,最大食分为1．0799,全食带最大宽度为259公里。全食时间从上午8时53分开始,至12时18分结束,历时3小时25分。