吟词说天

11月天象第一回 斗宿中 东木西金分会玉兔 毕宿旁 南鹊北鸡各散火蝇 一．初冬话天吟词《醉太平》：     

孔径阵列技术及其在射电天文中的应用

该文概述了近十余年来得到较多研究和发展的孔径阵列技术及其在射电天文中的应用,如高效馈源照明、扩大单反射面射电望远镜的视场、高效多波束、射频干扰抑制、对射电望远镜反射面缺陷的补偿等.随着孔径阵列(Aperture Array Tiles,简称 AAT)技术的日益成熟和成本的降低,AAT技术有可能成为全新一代射电望远镜(例如无反射面射电望远镜和软件射电望远镜)的基石.     

Microscopic Magnetic Dipole Radiation in Neutron Stars

There is a 3P2 neutron superfluid region in NS (neutron star) interior. For a rotating NS the 3P2 superfluid region is like a system of rotating magnetic dipoles. It will give out electromagnetic radiation, which may provide a new heating mechanism of NSs. This mechanism plus some cooling agent may give a sound explanation to NS glitches.     

Detecting Very-High-Frequency Relic Gravitational Waves by a Waveguide

The polarization vector (PV) of an electromagnetic wave (EW) will experience a rotation in a region of spacetime perturbed by gravitational waves (GWs). Based on this consideration, Cruise's group has built an annular waveguide to detect GWs. We give detailed calculations of the rotations of polarization vector of an EW caused by incident GWs from various directions and in various polarization states, and then analyze the accumulative effects on the polarization vector when the EW passes n cycles along the annular waveguide. We reexamine the feasibility and limitation of this method to detect GWs of high frequency around 100 MHz, in particular the relic gravitational waves (RGWs). By comparing the spectrum of RGWs in the accelerating universe with the detector sensitivity of the current waveguide, it is found that the amplitude of the RGWs is too low to be detected by the waveguide detectors currently operating. Possible ways of improvements on detection are suggested.     

作者须知

1摘要中文摘要每篇论文前应附有对文章内容准确概括而不加注释或评论的简要陈述,其内容应包括:研究目的、方法、结果和结论.摘要一般应写成报道性文摘,也可写成报道/指示性文摘.一般不用图、表、化学结构式和非公用的符号或述语,也不宜引用正文中的图、表、公式.摘要采用第三人称的写法,不使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语.中文摘要的篇幅一般以200字左右为宜.     

Periodic Orbits in Rotating Second Degree and Order Gravity Fields

Periodic orbits in an arbitrary 2nd degree and order uniformly rotating gravity field are studied. We investigate the four equilibrium points in this gravity field. We see that close relation exists between the stability of these equilibria and the existence and stability of their nearby periodic orbits. We check the periodic orbits with non-zero periods. In our searching procedure for these periodic orbits, we remove the two unity eigenvalues from the state transition matrix to find a robust, non-singular linear map to solve for the periodic orbits. The algorithm converges well, especially for stable periodic orbits. Using the searching procedure, which is relatively automatic, we find five basic families of periodic orbits in the rotating second degree and order gravity field for planar motion, and discuss their existence and stability at different central body rotation rates.     

Photodegradation of methylene blue in natural seawater

This paper reports the photochemical degradation of Methylene Blue(MB)in natural seawater(NSW).The photodegradation reaction conformed to the first-order reaction kinetics with the rate constant 0.0158 min-1.MB was photochemically degradated faster under high-pressure mercury lamp(HPML)than under sunlight.When MB was in lower concentrations,salinity could inhibit the photoreaction whereas MB in higher concentration,salinity could accelerate the photoreaction.Humid acid could also inhibit the photoreactions.Toxicity tests with marine phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum(Sk)and Heterosigma akashiwo Hada (Ha)showed decreased acute toxicity after photodegradation.     

基于Hapke辐射传输模型的月壤光谱模拟

由于月球采样点较少,月壤真实数据稀缺,限制了对月球科学问题的进一步研究。较全面系统地采集月壤样品在近期很难完成,开展月壤光谱模拟工作是月壤实测光谱的必要有益补充,可以为研究月壤光谱特征提供大量数据。基于Hapke模型,我们选取RELAB光谱库的斜长石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、橄榄石、单质铁、钛铁矿、火山玻璃、熔融玻璃等典型月壤矿物,运用牛顿插值和最小二乘优化的方法,模拟了LSCC月壤数据的一定粒径、单质铁含量、观测条件及矿物混合比例下的混合光谱。模拟光谱与实测光谱拟合较好,相关系数均大于0.99,均方根误差在10-3数量级;模拟矿物丰度与实测矿物丰度基本一致;模拟SMFe含量与相对成熟度指数Is/FeO线性关系明显;模拟粒径基本落在实测粒径组范围内。最后,文中讨论了光谱吸收中心波长、吸收面积等光谱特征参数的模拟精度,以及高精度模拟光谱时光学常数的计算方法。     

太阳常数的变化与“快异”黑子群

本文对1980年SMM(峰年卫星)/ACRIM日射计观测的太阳常数与伴有快速变化的异常磁结构黑子群面积进行了比较分析,结果表明:当日面出现伴有快速变化的异常磁结构黑子群时,太阳常数减少。另一方面,当结构简单的“剩余”黑子群占优势时,太阳常数值轻微地增加。     

射电天文中焦面阵或多波束馈源的应用

焦面阵技术或者多波束馈源系统已经日益广泛地应用于现代射电望远镜，因为它可以充分地利用同一射电望远镜反射面所能提供的信息，在观测比射电望远镜方向瓣大得多的展源时数倍乃至数十倍地提高观测的速度；当存在大气层或电离层的起伏或不均匀影响观测成像质量时，可消除这种影响，提高观测质量；利用焦面阵各单个馈源接收到的信息的互相关，则可以实时监控射电望远镜的反射面、二次反射面、指向精度，从而降低地面上大射电望远镜或空间射电望远镜的精度要求和造价。目前焦面阵已经愈来愈广泛地配置在毫米波射电望远镜和大型射电望远镜的主要波段。对此作了一个较新和全面的评述，对焦面阵应用中的限制，包括相位误差的限制和性能价格比的考虑和可能的前景作了简要的介绍。还分析了在计划中的大型主动球反射面射电望远镜（即FAST）上，配置焦面阵的相应限制、问题和难点，提出了初步的建议，并给出经中英双方讨论后初步拟定的FAST频段、波束及低噪声放大器的配置。