Seasonal Phase-Locking of Peak Events in the Eastern Indian Ocean

The sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly of the eastern Indian Ocean （EIO） exhibits cold anomalies in the boreal summer or fall during E1 Nino development years and warm anomalies in winter or spring following the E1 Nino events. There also tend to be warm anomalies in the boreal summer or fall during La Nina development years and cold anomalies in winter or spring following the La Nina events. The seasonal phase-locking of SST change in the EIO associated with E1 Nino/Southern Oscillation is linked to the variability of convection over the maritime continent, which induces an atmospheric Rossby wave over the EIO. Local air-sea interaction exerts different effects on SST anomalies, depending on the relationship between the Rossby wave and the mean flow related to the seasonal migration of the buffer zone, which shifts across the equator between summer and winter. The summer cold events start with cooling in the Timor Sea, together with increasing easterly flow along the equator. Negative SST anomalies develop near Sumatra, through the interaction between the atmospheric Rossby wave and the underneath sea surface. These SST anomalies are also contributed to by the increased upwelling of the mixed layer and the equatorward temperature advection in the boreal fall. As the buffer zone shifts across the equator towards boreal winter, the anomalous easterly flow tends to weaken the mean flow near the equator, and the EIO SST increases due to the reduction of latent heat flux from the sea surface. As a result, wintertime SST anomalies appear with a uniform and nearly basin-wide pattern beneath the easterly anomalies. These SST anomalies are also caused by the increase in solar radiation associated with the anticyclonic atmospheric Rossby wave over the EIO. Similarly, the physical processes of the summer warm events, which are followed by wintertime cold SST anomalies, can be explained by the changes in atmospheric and oceanic fields with opposite signs to those anomalies described above.     

Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Tropical Indian Ocean

1. Introduction The intraseasonal oscillation (ISO or Madden- Julian Oscillation, MJO) in the tropical atmosphere has been studied extensively, including its existence, structure, evolution and propagation (Madden and Ju- lian, 1971; Murakami, et al., 198…     

印度洋地震与海啸的启示

2004年12月26日发生的印度洋地震与海啸,给人类留下了深刻的教训。从地质学角度看,以下几方面值得注意：一是海洋地质灾害的破坏性决不可小视。地震与海啸,同为地质灾害,几个小时,就夺去20多万人的生命,上百万人流离失所。其他的如风暴潮,     

浮游有孔虫壳体氧同位素的古水温及古盐度意义--以东北印度洋260ka以来沉积记录为例

以东北印度洋的两支岩心为研究对象,由稳定同位素质谱仪获得浮游有孔虫壳体Globigerinoides ruber的δ^18O.研究表明,利用壳体δ^18o计算表层海水温度必须充分考虑盐度效应的影响,在近岸的边缘海,盐度影响甚至大于温度的影响。通过分析SSTMg/Ca与SSTδ^18O的关系以及海水背景值δ^18Ow与盐度的关系,计算出了东北印度洋260ka以来各时期较准确的海水盐度值。结果表明,冰期盐度高而间冰期盐度低,且冰期时南北盐度梯度明显小于间冰期是该区显著的盐度分布和变化特征,这是特定的地理位置受南亚季风带来的蒸发-降水-淡水输入等诸多因素控制的结果。     

前期热带太平洋、印度洋持续性海温异常事件对菲律宾低层大气环流的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR的1951~2010年逐月再分析资料和NOAA气候诊断中心的1951~2010年的海表温度扩展重建资料,在诊断分析的基础上结合数值模拟试验探讨了前期秋季开始持续的热带海温异常事件对菲律宾低层大气环流的影响。结果表明:1)相比于西南印度洋海温异常事件和北印度洋海温异常事件,前期秋季印度洋上与9月至次年6月的菲律宾异常反气旋(PSAC)关系最为密切的是印度洋偶极子事件(IOD);2)在前期秋季单纯El Nio事件发生时,11月至次年5月在菲律宾海地区均表现出明显的异常反气旋性环流特征。在没有El Nio事件影响时,单纯正位相IOD事件下从11月到次年4月菲律宾海地区依然表现出异常反气旋性环流特征,但再分析资料表明其强度要较El Nio情形下的偏弱;3)当正位相两事件伴随发生时,两事件对El Nio具有协同作用,在该作用下菲律宾海地区的反气旋异常环流相对于单纯某种海温异常事件表现得更加强大,且持续时间更长,甚至到8月仍表现出显著的反气旋环流特征。     

The hiatus and accelerated warming decades in CMIP5 simulations

Observed hiatus or accelerated warming phenomena are compared with numerical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） archives,and the associated physical mechanisms are explored based on the CMIP5 models.Decadal trends in total ocean heat content （OHC） are strongly constrained by net top-of-atmosphere （TOA） radiation.During hiatus decades,most CMIP5 models exhibit a significant decrease in the SST and upper OHC and a significant increase of heat penetrating into the subsurface or deep ocean,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.The shallow meridional overturning of the Pacific subtropical cell experiences a significant strengthening （slowdown） for the hiatus （accelerated warming） decades associated with the strengthened （weakened） trade winds over the tropical Pacific.Both surface heating and ocean dynamics contribute to the decadal changes in SST over the Indian Ocean,and the Indonesian Throughflow has a close relationship with the changes of subsurface temperature in the Indian Ocean.The Atlantic Meridional Overturing Circulation （Antarctic Bottom Water） tends to weaken （strengthen） during hiatus decades,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.In short,the results highlight the important roles of air-sea interactions and ocean circulations for modulation of surface and subsurface temperature.     

How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high？

The variation in the Indian Ocean is investigated using Hadley center sea surface temperature(SST)data during the period 1958–2010.All the first empirical orthogonal function(EOF)modes of the SST anomalies(SSTA)in different domains represent the basin-wide warming and are closely related to the Pacific El Ni o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon.Further examination suggests that the impact of ENSO on the tropical Indian Ocean is stronger than that on the southern Indian Ocean.The second EOF modes in different domains show different features.It shows a clear east-west SSTA dipole pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean dipole,IOD),and a southwest-northeast SSTA dipole in the southern Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean subtropical dipole,IOSD).It is further revealed that the IOSD is also the main structure of the second EOF mode on the whole basin-scale,in which the IOD pattern does not appear.A correlation analysis indicates that an IOSD event observed during the austral summer is highly correlated to the IOD event peaking about 9 months later.One of the possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly significant statistical relationship is proposed.The IOSD and the IOD can occur in sequence with the help of the Mascarene high.The SSTA in the southwestern Indian Ocean persists for several seasons after the mature phase of the IOSD event,likely due to the positive wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism.The Mascarene high will be weakened or intensified by this SSTA,which can affect the atmosphere in the tropical region by teleconnection.The pressure gradient between the Mascarene high and the monsoon trough in the tropical Indian Ocean increases(decreases).Hence,an anticyclone(cyclone)circulation appears over the Arabian Sea-India continent.The easterly or westerly anomalies appear in the equatorial Indian Ocean,inducing the onset stage of the IOD.This study shows that the SSTA associated with the IOSD can lead to the onset of IOD with the aid of atmosphere circulation and also explains why some IOD events in the tropical tend to be followed by IOSD in the southern Indian Ocean.     

搜寻MH370背后不为人知的空间竞赛

英国卫星公司Inmarsat又一次名声大噪。 这一次,是因为马来西亚总理纳吉布发布了失联16天之久的马航MH370航班已“终结”于南印度洋的声明。而认定航班“终结”的唯一证据却只有这家公司为马方政府提供的分析数据。     

古代西方手稿中的中国地图

葡萄牙人很早就对中国表现出了浓厚的兴趣。1508年2月,葡萄牙国王派遣迪亚哥·洛佩斯从里斯本出发,前往印度洋地区进行考察。国王在给洛佩斯的指令中明确要求查明关于中国人的详细情况,     

90Ma以来热点与西南印度洋中脊的交互作用：海台与板内海山的形成

本文研究了西南印度洋底地幔热点．洋中脊交互作用与海台、海山形成的关系．先利用板块重构确定了西南印度洋区域中热点与洋中脊相对位置及海台、海山的形成年代,然后通过水深异常和艾里均衡模式计算了相应热点的岩浆熔融通量．计算结果显示,自90Ma以来,马里昂（Marion）热点的活动可分为三个阶段：与古罗德里格斯（Rodrigues）三联点相互作用阶段（90～73．6Ma）、与西南印度洋中脊相互作用阶段（73．6～42．7Ma）及板内火山活动阶段（42．7～0Ma）．这三个阶段分别对应于德尔卡诺隆起（Del Cano Rise）的东部、中部和西部区域洋底海台的形成．马里昂热点的活动强度和周期性明显受到了热点离洋中脊距离的影响．马里昂热点的活动周期约为25Ma,长过夏威夷和冰岛热点的活动周期（约15Ma）．