Improving the vegetation dynamic simulation in a land surface model by using a statistical-dynamic canopy interception scheme

Canopy interception of incident precipitation, as a critical component of a forest＇s water budget, can affect the amount of water available to the soil, and ultimately vegetation distribution and function. In this paper, a statistical-dynamic approach based on leaf area index and statistical canopy interception is used to parameterize the canopy interception process. The statistical-dynamic canopy interception scheme is implemented into the Community Land Model with dynamic global vegetation model （CLM-DGVM） to improve its dynamic vegetation simulation. The simulation for continental China by the land surface model with the new canopy interception scheme shows that the new one reasonably represents the precipitation intercepted by the canopy. Moreover, the new scheme enhances the water availability in the root zone for vegetation growth, especially in the densely vegetated and semi-arid areas, and improves the model＇s performance of potential vegetation simulation.     

Emplacement Ages and Geochemical Characteristics of Grabbroic Intrusions and Prospecting Orientation of Related Deposit in Luodian, Guizhou Province

Emplacement ages, geochemical characteristics and analysis of continental dynamics on gabbroic intrusions in Luodian County, Guizhou Province, have been discussed based on studies of isotopic chronology （the whole-rock Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isochron methods）, major elements, trace elements and PGE. Intrusive activities of the gabbroic intrusions in the study area took place during the Late Yanshanian Orogenic Movement （the Cretaceous Period）, as indicated by the Sm-Nd isochron ages （t）=（99.6±4.5） （2σ） Ma and by the Rb-Sr isochron ages t=（97±1.6） （2σ） Ma. The gabbroic intrusions are attached to mafic rocks in cal-alkaline basaltic series. They occurred as dikes and might be formed under an extensional background of the continent. Differentiation of their magmatic crystallization resulted in obvious zonation of petrography. In the gabbroic intrusions of this study, large ion lithophile elements and LREE are enriched, and the chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern is leftward inclined without anomalies of JCe or JEu, and there are high concentrations of PGE and ratios of Pd/Ir （averaging 4.21）. All of these imply that their source areas may be basaltic magma in the upper mantle with high-level partial melting, derived from EMl-type enriched mantle. It is different from Emeishan basalt, which may be related to the upper mantle at low-grade partial melting. Emplacement mechanism of the gabbroic intrusions in this study may suppose to be asthenosphere upheaving as an isolated hot wave in the presence of mantle fluid, resulting in basaltic magma intruded into the continental crust as a diapiric intrusion. Therefore, uplifting of faulting-block and extensional deformation could take place in the shallow part of the continental crust while vertical amassing and accretion of magmatic materials in the deep part of the continental crust. These special processes could supposed to be a special background of continental dynamics for this large-scale epithermal metallogenic domain, such as Au     

定量提取固体潮异常信息

虽然中强地震前可能会出现多种前兆,然而找到一个"特定"的异常来预报大地震的发生却极其困难.地震孕育是一个非常复杂的动力学过程,地震的发生是地下介质从失稳到破裂的过程,在这一过程中由于强非线性与动态时变性现象的存在,轻微的扰动就很可能会导致失稳介质的破裂,从而使地震发生的具体时刻变得不可预测.     

我国下古生界碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价研究现状

碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价对我国油气资源评价与勘探至关重要。本文从有机质成熟度、有机质丰度下限、有机质丰度及生烃潜力的恢复、碳酸盐岩生烃机制与生烃模式等几个方面，介绍了我国碳酸盐岩烃源岩的研究现状，提出了运用生烃动力学对碳酸盐岩烃源岩进行研究的新方法，展望了需要继续关注的问题。     

青藏高原大陆动力学的科学问题

在初步分析大陆动力学的基本含义及其与岩石圈动力学关系的基础上,提出了青藏高原大陆动力学8个方面的科学问题,其核心科学问题是:青藏高原的形成是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的滞后效应还是大陆板内构造过程;青藏高原不同构造演化阶段是否具有不同的动力学机制;解体的青藏高原岩石圈下地壳何时、何处、如何和为何流动;青藏高原怎样与周边的盆地同步强耦合作用;如何通过青藏高原大陆动力学的创新带动能源、资源、环境、灾害等应用基础理论的创新.     

花岗岩球状构造成因新解

某些火成岩,如花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、闪长岩,甚至基性侵入岩,有时含有所谓球状构造(Orbicular)的卵状体,尤以花岗岩和花岗闪长岩中常见。其成因不同学派有着不同的解释。球状花岗岩的分布范围往往很有限,一般只有数十至上百平方米,周围是正常的花岗岩(一般为富黑云母花岗岩,时代不限),有时两者为1～5mm宽的黑云母带隔开,有时直接接触,     

不同有机酸对矿物溶解的动力学实验研究

用石英、微斜长石和方解石混合颗粒模拟碎屑组分分别与不同有机酸水溶液进行溶蚀实验,以比较储集层内不同矿物在含低分子量有机酸地层水中溶解的速率,并试图探讨矿物溶蚀的微观机理。结果表明：①所有矿物颗粒都发生了不同程度的溶解,表现为颗粒失重,溶液中SiO2和金属阳离子含量增加,pH值上升。②优先溶解的是方解石,其次是硅酸盐矿物。③温度增加,硅酸盐矿物在水中的溶解度明显增加,而方解石的溶解度基本不变。④由于不同有机酸与二氧化硅和金属阳离子生成的络合物稳定性不同,因此,在不同有机酸水溶液中,矿物的溶蚀速率有较大差别。多官能团有机酸的水溶液中,不同矿物有更大的溶解;但在含有丰富Ca2＋的草酸水溶液中,由于矿物颗粒表面难溶草酸钙的沉淀,方解石的溶解变得更加困难。⑤多官能团有机酸与SiO2形成的多环螯合物由于完全取代了硅氧四面体的氧原子,在水中具有高度稳定性,可能有助于(铝)硅酸盐的溶蚀和硅元素的迁移     

乙烷稳定碳同位素动力学模拟及地质应用

详细介绍了限定体系下乙烷稳定碳同位素动力学模拟过程及煤成乙烷的同位素演化规律。地质模拟结果展示,煤成天然气乙烷演化规律与甲烷类似,低熟阶段存在一个下降的趋势,其最轻同位素值为-27.8‰,与我国常用的煤成气判别标准基本一致,对应有机质成熟度(Easy%Ro)为1.0。随后,乙烷稳定碳同位素逐渐变重,与Ro之间呈良好的线性关系。     

涠西南凹陷C洼油气成藏动力学过程与充注历史

以油气成藏体系及成藏动力学理论为指导,在成藏基本地质要素分析的基础上,综合各种地质、地球物理、地球化学等资料,采用盆地数值模拟与油气地质综合分析相结合的研究方法,分析了涠西南凹陷C洼的流体动力场特征,动态重建了油气成藏动力学过程,恢复了流体充注历史。结果表明:C洼地区具有较高的地温梯度,流沙港组二段发育有异常超压,古今流体势分布具有较大的继承性;该区沉积充填与构造沉降具幕式变化特征,流二段烃源岩目前处于成熟-高成熟阶段,具有较高的生排烃速率,主要生排烃过程发生于中新世以来;C洼地区经历多次油气充注过程,其中东北部以早期为主,西南部以晚期充注为主。