铁细菌在北极特定海区沉积物中的分布

用平板法对取自北极加拿大海盆和楚科奇海10个沉积物岩芯中184个样品进行铁细菌检出率和含量分析.结果表明,4 ℃培养时铁细菌的检出率为10.33%,含量范围均为未检出～ 8.40×106 个/g(湿样,下同),平均含量为7.76×104 个/g.25 ℃培养时铁细菌的检出率为40.22%,含量范围均为未检出～1.00×108 个/g,平均含量为1.40×106 个/g.研究区沉积物中铁细菌含量高于太平洋深海沉积物中铁细菌含量;与前人在淡水沉积物中所作的调查相比,研究区的铁细菌含量落在前人调查结果范围内,但比细菌簇中铁细菌含量要低,这表明研究区海底沉积物的微生境较适合铁细菌的繁衍.对铁细菌在不同水深、经纬度以及沉积物深度中的分布进行了讨论,结果表明铁细菌检出率随沉积物深度增加而增大,含量变化呈现出浅层少、下层多之势.铁细菌的纬度分布范围较大,并显出有扩大的趋势.铁细菌含量与检出率随水深加大也呈跳跃式变化,水较深时铁细菌有较高的检出率和数量,但离陆距离的增加又会在物质供应上对其生长产生制约.培养温度对铁细菌分布有一定影响,温度提高不仅提高了铁细菌检出率,也增加了铁细菌的含量.这也许与部分铁细菌的最适宜生长温度较高有关,温度升高有利于某些铁细菌的生长发育.     

Distribution of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in sediment core taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea

The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea at two different culturing temperatures. The results showed that the general occurrence percentage of GAB was quite high, average abundanees of GAB at cultured temperatares of 4℃ and 25℃ were 4.46 ×10^7 and 5.47×10^7 cells·g^-1（wt）, respectively. The highest abundance of GAB occurred at 20 -22 cm section in the sediment. GAB abundances changed among the section of sediments, but there is a trend ： the a-bundances at the middle or lower sections were lower than those at upper section. Cultivation at 25℃ could improve the occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB, which suggests that the increasing of temperature may change the living circum-stances of GAB. The differences of GAB among the latitudes areas indicated that occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB in middle latitude areas were higher than those in the higher or lower latitude areas, and were more obvious at 4℃ than those at 25℃. The GAB abundances in sediment under the shallower water seemed to be low- er than those in sediments under the deeper water and this status was more obvious at 25℃ than that at 4℃.     

管理地球的工具--创意也值钱

1963年。太平洋彼岸。加拿大土地管理局会议室。     

加拿大地名趣话

“蒙特利尔”我们读对了吗?我们惯常使用的外国地名,很多是过去的人根据英语的读音规则,大体音译过来的,这其中当然就难免会出现讹误,甚至弄出笑话来。例子虽然没有达到“不胜枚举”的地步,但事实上也够多的了,这里谈一个例子,就是蒙特利尔。蒙特利尔是加拿大赫赫有名的大城市,     

基于遥感数据的北极西北航道海冰变化以及通航情况研究

使用不莱梅大学AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS)和AMSR2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2)日尺度海冰密集度数据,计算了2002—2018年加拿大北极群岛7—9月的平均海冰面积,研究了9月份平均海冰密集度变化特征;结合商船破冰能力确定海冰密集度阈值,选取西北航道关键区域,统计了西北航道的通航窗口,探讨了西北航道在实际商业通航方面的可能性。研究发现,在过去17年加拿大北极群岛的7—9月海冰面积整体呈下降趋势但有明显波动性, 9月份的海冰分布年际变化复杂,差异较大;在西北航道可通航的年份中,可通航的开始日期一般在8月份,结束日期在9月底至10月初,南路可通航时间最短14天,最长达到80天。总的来说,西北航道可通航年份和时间缺乏规律性。     

2008年夏季加拿大海盆净二氧化碳吸收量评估

The third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) was conducted in the summer of 2008.During the survey,the surface seawater partial pressure of CO_2(pCO_2) was measured,and sea water samples were collected for CO_2 measurement in the Canada Basin.The distribution of pCO_2 in the Canada Basin was determined,the influencing factors were addressed,and the air-sea CO_2 flux in the Canada Basin was evaluated.The Canada Basin was divided into three regions:the ice-free zone(south of 77°N),the partially ice-covered zone(77°–80°N),and the heavily ice-covered zone(north of 80°N).In the ice-free zone,pCO_2 was high(320 to 368μatm,1 μatm=0.101 325 Pa),primarily due to rapid equilibration with atmospheric CO_2 over a short time.In the partially ice-covered zone,the surface pCO_2 was relatively low(250 to 270 μatm) due to ice-edge blooms and icemelt water dilution.In the heavily ice-covered zone,the seawater pCO_2 varied between 270 and 300 μatm due to biological CO_2 removal,the transportation of low pCO_2 water northward,and heavy ice cover.The surface seawater pCO_2 during the survey was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere in the Canada Basin,and it was a net sink for atmospheric CO_2.The summertime net CO_2 uptake of the ice-free zone,the partially ice-covered zone and the heavily ice-covered zone was(4.14±1.08),(1.79±0.19),and(0.57±0.03) Tg/a(calculated by carbon,1Tg=10~(12) g),respectively.Overall,the net CO_2 sink of the Canada Basin in the summer of 2008 was(6.5±1.3) Tg/a,which accounted for 4%–10% of the Arctic Ocean CO_2 sink.     

《加拿大海洋法》及其对中国的借鉴意义

通过研究《加拿大海洋法》的立法背景,在介绍主要内容的基础上,总结了《加拿大海洋法》的特点,分析了该法在实践中的作用及实施中出现的问题,并就其对中国的借鉴意义进行了探讨。     

德国和加拿大地质学家考察鲁西早前寒武纪地质

2009年10月27日-11月1日,德国地质学家阿尔弗瑞德·克若纳（左图左4）、加拿大地质学家阿依尔（左图左3）和格瑞克·斯托特（左图左5）及中国地质科学院地质研究所地质学家刘敦-（左图左1）、万渝生（左图右1）在山东省地质调查院原总工程师王世进陪同下考察鲁西地区早前寒武纪变质地层和侵入岩。     

世界文明长廊——加拿大文明

加拿大文明是生活在加拿大这片土地上的各民族群体和人们有目的的生方式及一切积极成果的总和.     

无名画作惊现达芬奇指印

加拿大裔收藏家彼得·西尔弗曼两年前以11400英镑（约会12.5万元人民币）的价格买下了一幅被认为创作于19世纪初的少女肖像画。