应用重力场模型GL1500E和LLR天平动参数估算月核大小及其组成

针对月核大小及密度估计问题,利用高分辨率重力场模型GL1500E的二阶位系数和LLR(lunar laser ranging)天平动参数,考虑月核分层为外核和内核的情况,结合非线性粒子群优化算法,对月核大小和组成进行了估计。大批量的统计结果表明,大概率分布的外核半径rc1约为469 km,内核半径rc2约为303 km,外核密度ρc1约为4613 kg/m3,内核密度ρc2约为7004 kg/m3,月幔密度ρm约为3340 kg/m3。月幔密度非常接近地质研究结果3360 kg/m3,内外核半径与近期其他研究结果相近,估算的月核大小与密度组成具有一定的参考价值。若月核由纯铁和硫化亚铁组成,则研究表明,内核大部分由纯铁组成,外核大部分由硫化亚铁组成。     

棘皮动物线粒体基因组的基因重排、分子标记及系统发生分析

棘皮动物(echinoderms)是海洋生境中所特有的无脊椎动物重要类群,本文全面比较分析了棘皮动物29个物种的线粒体全基因组。线粒体基因组主编码基因的分析结果显示,海胆纲Echinoidea和海参纲Holothuroidea物种的基因排列完全相同;海星纲Asteroidea物种之间的基因排列也完全相同,然而与海胆纲、海参纲相比,存在一个长片段的倒位。海百合纲Crinoidea的栉羽星Phanogenia gracilis和花形羽枝Florometra serratissima主编码基因的基因排列完全相同,地中海海羊齿和海百合Neogymnocrinus richeri与此相比,均存在一个蛋白质编码基因(nad4L)的易位。蛇尾纲Ophiuroidea真蛇尾目Ophiurida的3个科(阳遂足科Amphiuridae、辐蛇尾科Ophiactidae和栉蛇尾科Ophiocomidae)主编码基因的基因排列完全相同,而同属于真蛇尾目,另外一个科(真蛇尾科Ophiuridae)的白色真蛇尾Ophiura albida和灰色真蛇尾Ophiura lutkeni,与同目的前3个科相比,存在3个蛋白质编码基因(nad1、nad2和cob)的倒位。蛇尾纲蔓蛇尾目Euryalida的海盘Astrospartus mediterraneus,与真蛇尾目5个线粒体基因组相比,存在主编码基因的重排。棘皮动物线粒体单基因的变异位点特征显示,nad5、nad4和nad2基因是理想的分子标记基因。基于29个线粒体基因组的氨基酸序列,通过两种方法(邻接法和最大似然法)所构建系统发生树的拓扑结构完全一致。支持其下分的5个纲(蛇尾纲、海参纲、海胆纲、海星纲和海百合纲)均为单系群。线粒体基因组的数据支持棘皮动物动物在纲层次的亲缘关系为:(((海胆纲+海星纲)+海参纲)+蛇尾纲)+海百合纲,海百合纲作为棘皮动物中最为古老的类群,位于系统发生树的根部。基于线粒体基因组构建的系统发生树,支持所有的科均为单系群;综合系统发生树及主编码基因的基因重排分析,均支持真蛇尾目并非单系发生,真蛇尾目的有效性还值得今后深入研究。     

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)铁结合

以克隆获得的可口革囊星虫(Phasolosma esculenta)、枝吻纽虫(Dendrorhynchus zhejiangensis)、泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)和白肛海地瓜(Acaudina leucoprocta)6种无脊椎动物的铁结合蛋白基因为基础, 通过NCBI检索下载相应的氨基酸序列, 采用SingalP程序查找信号肽, 用TMHMM程序搜寻预测跨膜区, 采用Clustal W程序多序列比对, 构建进化树。对其编码蛋白的信号肽、跨膜区以及磷酸化位点等进行分析。结果表明, 6种动物的铁结合蛋白都没有信号肽, 也无跨膜区, 不可能是膜上的受体或定位于膜上, 均为胞外蛋白。泥蚶的ferritin有4个磷酸化位点, 仿刺参ferritin有10个, 枝吻纽虫有8个, 白肛海地瓜有9个, 可口革囊星虫和缢蛏的ferritin未搜寻到磷酸化位点。6种铁结合蛋白的疏水性有一定的差异, 最大值在1.0—1.6之间, 最小值在?3.3—?2.8之间。可口革囊星虫和仿刺参的铁结合区域特征序列完全相同, 与文昌鱼、缢蛏、泥蚶、牡蛎、盘鲍有2个氨基酸差异, 与人、小家鼠和叉尾有1个氨基酸差异。     

浙江南部沿岸产卵场春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与分布

根据2011年4月、5月与6月对浙江南部沿岸产卵场进行的共3个航次的调查资料,对该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布进行了分析,结果表明,共发现鱼卵、仔稚鱼72个种类,分别隶属11目38科48属。其中鱼卵29种,分别隶属6目18科24属;仔稚鱼55种,分别隶属10目29科40属。4—6月仔稚鱼数量呈逐月递减的趋势,而鱼卵数量6月最多,5月最少。鱼卵优势种4月以斑鰶、棱鱚、小黄鱼与蓝点马鲛为主,5月以斑鰶、鳀、龙头鱼、银鲳、蓝点马鲛与石首鱼科为主,6月以鳀、龙头鱼、多鳞鱚与鲱科鱼类为主;仔稚鱼优势种4月以虾虎鱼类、褐菖鲉与平鲉科为主,5月以鳀、虾虎鱼类、棱鱚、斑鰶与长鳍篮子鱼为主,6月以鳀与虾虎鱼类为主。斑鰶、鲳鱼、小黄鱼、棱鱚、蓝点马鲛与褐菖鲉的产卵盛期为4月,而鳀与龙头鱼的产卵盛期为6月。     

杭州湾海域春、秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布

采用底层拖网法,用渔获率作为鱼类资源数量分布的指标,进行了杭州湾调查海域2012年5月(春季)、10月(秋季)2个季节的鱼类种类组成、区系特点、数量分布等研究。结果表明:(1)杭州湾海域春、秋两季共获得并鉴定出的鱼类有31种,隶属于9目15科,其中以石首鱼科和■虎鱼科的种类为最多,各有5种,分别占总种数的16.7%;鳀科鱼类次之,有4种,占总种数的13.3%,优势种有睛尾蝌蚪■虎鱼、龙头鱼、刀鲚、棘头梅童鱼;(2)根据鱼类适温性可将该海域的鱼类分为暖水性、暖温性和冷温性3种适温类型,以暖温性种类为主,暖水性种类次之,而冷温性种类极少,仅有1种;(3)根据其生态习性,可分为河口性、沿岸性和近海性3种生态类群;(4)渔获数量分布规律是春季在调查海域的内侧或者说中西部较高,而湾口较低,秋季则正好相反。     

Evolution of isotopic compositions in groundwater of the area between the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Gulf

The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have been implemented to assess the recharge mechanisms in an area in the UAE bounded to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Oman and the southeastern part of the Arabian Gulf. The conversion of stable isotopes to deuterium excess was utilized as a supportive tool to understand the process of groundwater recharge. The concluding results of this study showed that the origin of moisture is the Mediterranean Sea. The precipitation is the main source of recharge, in which the precipitation having undergone evaporation before recharge occurs. The comparison between regression line for data collected in 1996 and regression line for samples collected in 2006 suggests that the precipitation water which recharged the groundwater, was diluted with groundwater and this dilution is observed from decreasing of the deuterium excess of collected groundwater samples with increasing isotopes of oxygen. The dilution of groundwater with the recharge water suggests modern-day recharge as it is seen from high deuterium excess that exceeded the deuterium excess of LMWL and was close to MMWL.     

Mineral Geochemical Compositions of Tourmalines and Their Significance in the Gejiu Tin Polymetallic Deposits, Yunnan, China

Abstract: The Gejiu tin polymetallic deposits are located in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province in China. A detailed electronic microprobe study has been carried out to document geochemical compositions of tourmalines from the deposits. The results indicate a systematic change of mineral geochemical compositions, which might be used as a mineral geochemical tracer for post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid, basin fluid and their mixture. The tourmalines from granite are schorl with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.912-1.00 and Na/(Na+Ca) ratios of 0.892-0.981. Tourmalines as an inclusion in quartz from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.212-0.519 and Na/ (Na+Ca) ratios of 0.786-0.997. Tourmalines from the country rocks are dravite with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.313-0.337 and Na/(Na+Ca) ratio of 0.599-0.723. Tourmalines from cassiterite-tourmaline veins that occur in crannies within the country rocks show distinct optical zoning with alternate occurrence of dravite and schorl, Fe/(Fe+Mg)=0.374-0.843, Na/(Na+Ca)=0.538-0.987. It suggests that schorl in granite and dravite in carbonatite are related to magmatic fluid and basin fluid respectively. When magmatic fluid rose up and entered into crannies of the country rocks, consisting mainly of carbonatite, basin fluid would be constantly added to the magmatic fluid. The two types of fluid were mixed in structural crannies of the sedimentary basin accompanied with periodic geochemical oscillations to form material records in chemical composition zonings of tourmalines.     

深层水漏斗区开采量组成变化特征与机制

为阐明强烈开采条件下华北平原深层水的开采水量来源及组成问题,以德州地区深层水漏斗分布区为重点研究区,通过基于大量钻孔资料对含水层组及其粘性土夹层或透镜体的分析和野外地下水采样、动态监测及地面沉降测量资料等分析,采用分层、分区计算方法对漏斗中心至外围的各分区弹性释水量、粘性土压密释水量、侧向流入和越流补给量进行均衡计算。结果表明:在强烈开采条件下,深层水开采量中弹性释水量和压密释水量所占比率不是常量,随着深层水位下降的幅度和深度增大、超采释压持续时间愈长、开采层中粘性土夹层或透镜体愈多,则区内弹性释水和压密释水的强度及累积地面沉降量愈大;愈靠近漏斗中心,弹性和压密释水强度愈大,相同降深下平均单位降深的地面沉降量愈小。在深层水开采量中粘性土压密释水占35.5%~61.9%,与地面沉降密切相关。