南海典型海区浮游植物吸收光谱特征及遥感反演产品的精度评估

基于遥感手段准确估算浮游植物吸收系数a_ph(l), 可为长时间、大尺度范围识别浮游植物功能种群提供有力的数据和方法支撑。利用2003至2012年获取自南海、琼东、广东近岸和珠江口各典型海区的实测a_ph(l)数据, 对比分析表层光谱特征, 初步判断浮游植物种群结构差异; 基于MODIS-Aqua二级遥感反射率产品, 分别采用经验算法PL和半分析算法QAA对a_ph(l)遥感产品进行精度评估。结果表明, 以南海、琼东为代表的清洁海域和以广东沿岸、珠江口为代表的浑浊海域表层a_ph(l)光谱差异明显; a_ph(l)在清洁海域量值较小但在颗粒物吸收中居于主导, 而在浑浊海域并不占优; 浮游植物单位吸收系数a_ph^*(l)存在明显的空间差异, 色素打包效应以及色素组成是造成差异的可能原因。经验算法PL较之于半分析算法QAA反演得到的a_ph(l)(l=412, 443, 490)遥感产品精度更高, 平均相对误差APD小于22%; 采用区域优化算法NOCI获得的Chl-a产品作为输入参数, 算法PL所得的a_ph(l)遥感产品APD不超过14%。结果表明, 基于水色遥感产品进行a_ph(l)遥感产品精度评估和探讨不同海区浮游植物功能种群具有较强应用前景。     

钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体的稳定性研究

根据室温荧光发射光谱表征 ,研究了藻胆蛋白浓度、离子强度、pH和葡聚糖等因素对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulinaplatensis)藻胆体的稳定性的影响。藻胆蛋白浓度为0.6～1.2g/L时 ,钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体的室温荧光发射峰在676～681nm之间 ,此时藻胆体的稳定性强 ,不易解离。在低离子强度(<0.75mol/L)条件下 ,钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体易解离 ,解离速度随离子强度的递减而加快。钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体在 pH7时稳定 ,而在 pH5,6,8,9时只有轻微解离 ,表明藻胆体在较宽的 pH范围内保持相对稳定。在钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体溶液中加入10%的葡聚糖 ,保存30d后藻胆体依然保持完整 ,说明葡聚糖对藻胆体的稳定性有保护作用     

高光谱遥感图像分类精度对比研究

根据国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"干旱、半干旱地区的环境动力机制重大理论基础研究"的需要,开展各种针对高光谱图像的经典分类精度对比研究.采用ENVI软件中常规高光谱分类算法和自编的模糊算法程序,对3个典型的试验区进行对比试验.结果表明,经典分类算法中的光谱角填图(SAM)、欧氏最小距离、马氏距离分类精度较高,模糊识别法中的相关系数法、绝对指数法、相对指数法、夹角余弦法的精度均比较高而且比较稳定;其它方法精度比较低.虽然有多种因素影响分类的精度,但是只要措施适当,还是可以取得比较满意的分类精度.     

飓风Juan(2003)路径附近实测飓风浪的谱特性研究

Hurricane Juan provides an excellent opportunity to probe into the detailed wave spectral patterns and spectral parameters of a hurricane system, with enough wave spectral observations around Juan＇s track in the deep ocean and shallow coastal water. In this study, Hurricane Juan and wave observation stations around Juan＇s track are introduced. Variations of wave composition are discussed and analyzed based on time series of one-dimensional frequency spectra, as well as wave steepness around Juan＇s track： before, during, and after Juan＇s passing. Wave spectral involvement is studied based on the observed one-dimensional spectra and two-dimensional spectra during the hurricane. The standardization method of the observed wave spectra during Hurricane Juan is discussed, and the standardized spectra show relatively conservative behavior, in spite of the huge variation in wave spectral energy, spectral peak, and peak frequency during this hurricane. Spectral widths＇ variation during Hurricane Juan are calculated and analyzed. A two-layer nesting WW3 model simulation is applied to simulate the one-dimensional and two-dimensional wave spectra, in order to examine WW3＇s ability in simulating detailed wave structure during Hurricane Juan.     

An oil slick spectral experiment of nearshore sea water in the East China Sea

Along with the rapid advance in global industrialization, oil spill events caused by offshore operations, trans- portation and accidents are increasing. Compared with ship surveys, monitoring oil spills through remote sensing has real-time, comprehensive, low-cost advantages, which can effectively guide cleaning and evalu- ation, and reduce the marine ecological destruction resulting from oil spills. Therefore, studying the remote sensing mechanism used to monitor marine oil spills is of great significance for ecological environmen- tal protection. This paper describes an experiment and corresponding analysis based on the above-water method, using the East China Sea coastal turbid water. The analysis shows that ＂upward short-wave＂ in ultraviolet and blue-purple bands and its displacement, along with the changing thickness, are important characteristics for distinguishing between the oil slick and the sea water, and also to differentiate oil slicks of different thicknesses. From blue to near-infrared bands, the spectrum of lube oil is flatter than that of diesel, and the diesel spectrum rises faster than the lube spectrum on the right side of the trough at 400 nm. These two features form an important basis for differentiating diesel from lube oil. These analyses will further the development of oil spill remote sensing in the East China Sea.     

黄河三角洲湿地高光谱遥感研究进展

黄河三角洲湿地是我国暖温带最广阔、最完整、最年轻的滨海湿地,是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要组成部分,具有重要的生态保护和科学研究价值。物种多样、生境复杂、变化剧烈是黄河三角洲湿地的重要特点,高光谱遥感是黄河三角洲湿地生态监测的重要技术手段。本文首先阐述了高光谱遥感在河口湿地开展植被、土壤和水质等基本要素监测方面的优势,之后重点综述了其在黄河三角洲滨海湿地开展植被遥感监测、土壤参数反演和水质参数反演的研究进展,最后基于黄河三角洲湿地生态监测现状,提出了高光谱遥感的未来需求和发展展望。     

真鲷视网膜结构及视觉特性研究──Ⅲ．真鲷视觉特性

视网膜电图（ＥＲＧ）结果显示，真鲷Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓｍａｊｏｒ视网膜具混合型特征。强光明适应后，ｂ波阈值在８０ｍｉｎ回复至暗视水平。明适应过程中，ｂ波振幅存在Ｄ型和Ｒ型。其光谱敏感曲线在强背景光下（ｌｏｇＩＢ＝１．８）发生浦氏位移，峰值从４８４ｎｍ移至５２５ｎｍ，且从颜色光适应对Ｓλ曲线的影响等都表明，真鲷存在两种以上的光感受系统，且具辨色能力。浦氏位移的光强水平较高，说明辨色能力不会很强。     

近红外漫反射光谱逐步回归分析测定饲料中水份含量

本文用近红外漫反射光谱逐步回归法测定了饲料的水份含量，预测结果的平均相对误差为３．８％。该法具有方便、快速、无损、不需化学前处理等优点，特别适用于大批量样品的分析和在线监控。     

基于EOS/MODI图像资料的多光谱云分类技术

利用EOS/MODIS图像资料,采用逐个修改聚类和模糊聚类的分类器,设计了基于统计模式识别的云分类技术,并将其应用于2002年6月10日0200台风云系的云理识别,同时借助GMS-5图像资料进行了对比分析.结果发现台风云系的分类结果与台风云系的概念模式存在较好的对应关系,逐个修改聚类和模糊聚类的分类器对典型台风云系有较好的识别能力,极轨卫星的分类结果好于静止卫星,纹理特征的引入对分类结果有一定的影响.