发射模式连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定饮用水中的钠钾锂

实验在德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司的Contr AA连续光源原子吸收光谱仪上进行,仪器配有SFS 6分段流动注射和AS 52s自动进样器,测定饮用水中的钠、钾、锂。     

变差函数及其在多波段机载成像光谱仪数据处理中的应用

遥感的空间信息反映一定范围内象元在空间上的关系，对成像光谱仪遥感数据而言，空间结构变代表一个局部区域中各象元之间光谱辐射能量的关联状态，在图像上反映为灰度变化，利用空间信息来开拓图像分析技术可获得遥感目标很高的正确识别率，变差函数是联系遥感目标和图像中空间变化特征的有用工具，实验变差函数的计算结果表明遥感目标种类与变差图之间的定量化空间关系，可以在成像光谱图像处理中发挥作用。     

云台CCD-Coude光谱仪系统

本文给出了用簿型CCD作为探测器的Coude高色散光谱系统的光路,机械调整装置,可用色散,一次可摄波段,光栅转角的计算,滤光片的选择。 从1987年11月起,对该系统进行了一年的试观测,获得了较好的结果,本文给出了从3900(?)—11000(?)的观测结果。观测结果表明可提高1.5—3个星等。     

30m级光学/红外望远镜的宽视场多目标光谱仪

宽视场多目标光谱仪具有宽波段、多分辨率模式和高通光效率的特点,是极大望远镜终端仪器使用率最高的通用型仪器. 30 m级望远镜的宽视场多目标光谱仪因体量和成本急剧增加而面临重要挑战,同时天文学的不断发展对天文新技术的发展提出了更高的要求,尤其是多个巡天项目对于多目标光谱后随观测的迫切需求.综述了几类宽视场多目标光谱仪的发展现状,介绍了国际3架30 m望远镜宽视场多目标光谱仪概念设计的最新进展和仪器特点,着重介绍了中国参与研制的30 m望远镜(TMT)中的宽视场多目标光谱仪的相关进展.     

Assessment of Human Impacts on Vegetation in Built-up Areas in China Based on AVHRR,MODIS and DMSP_OLS Nighttime Light Data,1992–2010

Since the reform and opening-up program started in 1978,the level of urbanization has increased rapidly in China.Rapid urban expansion and restructuring have had significant impacts on the ecological environment especially within built-up areas.In this study,ArcGIS 10,ENVI 4.5,and Visual FoxPro 6.0 were used to analyze the human impacts on vegetation in the built-up areas of 656Chinese cities from 1992 to 2010.Firstly,an existing algorithm was refined to extract the boundaries of the built-up areas based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP_OLS)nighttime light data.This improved algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy and speed.Secondly,a mathematical model(Human impacts(HI))was constructed to measure the impacts of human factors on vegetation during rapid urbanization based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NDVI.HI values greater than zero indicate relatively beneficial effects while values less than zero indicate proportionally adverse effects.The results were analyzed from four aspects:the size of cities(metropolises,large cities,medium-sized cities,and small cities),large regions(the eastern,central,western,and northeastern China),administrative divisions of China(provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities)and vegetation zones(humid and semi-humid forest zone,semi-arid steppe zone,and arid desert zone).Finally,we discussed how human factors impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.We found that urban planning policies and developmental stages impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The negative human impacts followed an inverted′U′shape,first rising and then falling with increase of urban scales.China′s national policies,social and economic development affected vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The findings can provide a scientific basis for municipal planning departments,a decision-making reference for government,and scientific guidance for sustainable development in China.     

小型台式EDXRF现场快速测定深海沉积物中稀土元素

为了提高海上现场调查中沉积物稀土元素质量分数测定的准确度,采用小型台式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)对一个航次取得的3类(远洋黏土、硅质软泥和钙质软泥)75个印度洋深海沉积物中稀土元素Nd和Y的质量分数进行现场测定。与实验室电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定结果进行对比与相关性分析,建立现场测定深海沉积物中Nd和Y质量分数与15种稀土元素总质量分数的相关关系方程,以及沉积物中Nd与轻稀土总量、Y与重稀土总量的转换关系,3种类型深海沉积物稀土元素间相关关系基本可用同一线性关系表征,3种关系的相关系数都在0.96以上。采用太平洋和印度洋不同类型深海沉积物样品进行验证,通过转换关系估算出的轻、重稀土质量分数和总稀土量与实验室ICP-MS测定值基本吻合,相对偏差小于20%。结果表明,在大洋调查中小型台式EDXRF可应用于样品现场稀土元素质量分数的测定,这为调查现场及时了解大洋深海沉积物中稀土资源分布情况提供了一种重要可行测试手段。     

时空混合调制型偏振干涉成像光谱仪数据处理研究

研究了基于Savart偏光镜的偏振干涉成像光谱仪在时空混合调制模式下图像形成、数据分布的特点,论证了视场补偿型偏振干涉成像光谱仪更适用于单色光条件下的时空混合调制工作模式,并提出了时空混合调制模式下数据采集与处理的基本原理及其需要注意的问题与解决方法.最后,应用这种方法对实验获取的干涉图进行了数据处理,并成功复原出了光谱.     

盐湖化学分析测试中心部分仪器装备简况

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