双站摄像资料重建闪电三维通道的方法

为了满足准确分析闪电通道三维发展特征和闪电先导相互作用的需求,建立了一种利用双站摄像资料重建闪电三维通道的方法,从两幅在不同位置拍摄到的闪电二维图像上分别获取通道的坐标序列,利用空间立体几何原理,寻找两组序列中互相匹配的坐标,再由匹配的坐标序列重建出最终的闪电三维通道。通过对一次实际观测个例的重建与分析,验证了重建算法在实际观测中的可靠性,并对闪电通道的三维长度和二维长度进行了对比,发现两者差异可达2倍以上,充分说明了闪电三维特征分析的重要性。     

分离式靶标摄影测量在LAMOST中的应用

为了获取LAMOST焦面板上光纤的零位位置,提出了一种基于分离式标准靶标的高精度摄影测量方法。首先,根据Tsai摄像机标定参数模型介绍了CCD相机的标定原理。然后介绍了用光重心算法求取靶标发光点像面坐标及通过球面三角公式计算靶标发光点物面坐标。接着,利用最小二乘法导出了含标定参数的方程组。最后,介绍了标准靶标的放置方法以及提高光纤位置测量精度的靶标取法。实验结果表明:CCD相机的标定残差平均值为8.8μm;标定残差的标准差为5.3μm。测量方法简单易行,通过仔细分析,找出了残差偏大的原因,对后续进一步测量实验有重要指导意义。     

Lidar Methods for Observing Mineral Dust

Lidar methods for observing mineral dust aerosols are reviewed.These methods include Mie scattering lidars,polarization lidars,Raman scattering lidars,high-spectral-resolution lidars,and fluorescence lidars.Some of the lidar systems developed by the authors and the results of the observations and applications are introduced.The largest advantage of the lidar methods is that they can observe vertical distribution of aerosols continuously with high temporal and spatial resolutions.Networks of ground-based lidars provide useful data for understanding the distribution and movement of mineral dust and other aerosols.The lidar network data are actually used for validation and assimilation of dust transport models,which can evaluate emission,transport,and deposition of mineral dust.The lidar methods are also useful for measuring the optical characteristics of aerosols that are essential to assess the radiative effects of aerosols.Evolution of the lidar data analysis methods for aerosol characterization is also reviewed.Observations from space and ground-based networks are two important approaches with the lidar methods in the studies of the effects of mineral dust and other aerosols on climate and the environment.Directions of the researches with lidar methods in the near future are discussed.     

让星光不再闪烁——提升星像质量的自适应光学

天文学家通过望远镜观测星空,无非想看得更深,更清楚。所以,评价一架天文望远镜的最重要的两个指标就是灵敏度与分辨率。其中,灵敏度可以通过扩大收集面积来提高,也就是增大望远镜的口径。分辨率与此类似,望远镜的口径与分辨能力成正比,即口径越大的望远镜的分辨率也就越高。     

兴隆1m光学望远镜杂散光效应研究

兴隆1m光学望远镜采取了加装挡板等基于经验和定性分析的杂散光抑制措施。用Tracepro光学分析软件对圆顶内1m望远镜的杂散光传播路径做了计算和分析,提出了对1m望远镜的杂散光抑制的改进措施,通过在Tracepro中计算的系统杂散光"归一化点源辐照度透过率(PSNIT)"函数对改进措施进行了评价。计算结果表明:对于有效视场外30°范围的杂散源,改进措施可使得1m望远镜的PSNIT全部下降到10-10;模拟1m望远镜在满月条件下对偏月25°的天体观测(R波段、15等星、t=15~150s),1m望远镜观测信噪比可提高约147%。     

“苏定强星”命名仪式在浙江隆重举行

为表彰苏定强院士为我国乃至国际天文事业做出的贡献,值“第三届海峡两岸天文望远镜及仪器学术研讨会”期间,2009年7月21日下午,在浙江省海宁市隆重举行了”苏定强星”命名仪式。首先,南京天文光学技术研究所崔向群所长介绍了苏定强院士的学术贡献。     

Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance

Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea. It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage. A means for distinguish- ing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom （Skeletonema costatum） blooms is desired. On the basis of measure- ments of remote sensing refectance [Rrs（λ）] and inherent optical parameters, the potential of using a mul- tispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P. donghaiense from those due to S. costatum. The behavior of two reflectance ratios [R1 = Rrs（560）/Rrs（532） and Re = Rrs（708）/Rrs（665）], suggests that differentiation of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors. It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P. donghaiense; （1） R1 〉 1.55 and R2 〈 1.0 or （2） R1 〉 1.75 and R2 ≥ 1.0. Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） as well as changes in the backscattering ratio （bbp/bp） on the efficacy of this muitispectral approach. Results indicate that the intensity and inherent op- tical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios. Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs（λ）, especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands, the discrimination between P. donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp. Since aCDOM （440） in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m-1 in most situations, the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination, even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm-1. Despite all of these effects, the dis- crimination of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs（λ） is feasible.     

西北地区一次典型沙尘过程中气溶胶垂直分布和来源分析

利用CALIPSO卫星星载激光雷达数据、MERRA-2再分析数据和GDAS(global data as-similation system)气象数据,采用聚类分析和根据气溶胶雷达比的分类方法,研究2020年4月9日甘肃酒泉地区一次典型的沙尘天气在传输过程中沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布特性和来源.结果表明:本次沙尘过程中,沙尘...     

新矿物(2007.1～2007.12)

本文以表格的形式列举了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMNC)批准、并于2007年度正式发表的新矿物共25种。其中硅酸盐7种,磷酸盐2种,硒酸盐1种,硫酸盐2种,碳酸盐2种,钨酸盐1种,硼酸盐2种,砷化物1种,硫盐5种,氢氧化物2种。文中表格依次列出了矿物的中外文名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生(伴生)组合等。