“失败”的地理实验也是教学成功之母

案例实验一：为验证水平运动物体偏向,笔者请学生做这样的实验,将家中水池放满水后,拔除塞子,观察水向中心汇聚流出时,水流漩涡的方向。按照预计的实验检测目的,是想得出水平运动的物体所受的地转偏向力的影响,在北半球应为逆时针流向。     

Impacts of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on annual runoff in the Chaohe River Basin during 1961–2005

Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961–2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station (Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method. The referenced period (1961–1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period (1981–2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961–2005 applying double accumulative curve method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. (2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities. (3) During 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2005 and 1981–2005, the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×10⁸, 0.28×10⁸, 1.10×10⁸ and 0.79×10⁸ m³ respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period.     

多色彩高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘信息提取算法与应用

相对单波段灰度影像而言,多波段高空间分辨率遥感影像中可用于边缘检测的光谱信息更加丰富。鉴于Canny算子在灰度图像边缘检测中的优越性能,本文利用输出融合策略对其适用于高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘检测作了改进。基于可视化开发平台VC++.NET,编程实现了福州市航拍的高空间分辨率遥感影像红绿蓝三个标准波段在RGB、IHS、Y IQ、YUV、C IELUV色彩空间中对各种地物矢量边缘信息的有效提取。对高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘各分量的分析认为,由于波谱范围差异的影响,在上述色彩空间中不同地物类型边缘检测时响应程度具有显著的不同。本文研究结果表明,该算法参数设置和色彩空间选择对高空间分辨率遥感影像矢量边缘信息提取有较大的影响。     

基于中分辨率成像光谱仪数据的洋面云检测新方法的研究

提出了一种利用中分辨率成像光谱仪热红外窗区通道数据进行云、晴空分离的新方法。该云检测算法从热红外窗区通道亮温出发,并结合水汽廓线,运用水汽规度法计算规度因子的值,利用规度因子的数值状态实现分离云和晴空,从而达到云检测的目的。经过大量的实验,并将结果与中分辨率成像光谱仪官方云检测产品作对比分析,结果表明准确率为91％,算法具有可行性。     

电测深法岩溶路基注浆质量检测模型试验研究

针对岩溶路基注浆质量检测的难度,基于现场典型地质断面,建立室内裂隙灰岩模型,进行注浆前后多测试断面的电测深检测试验数据解释分析,并对比模型中实际浆液扩散情况。试验结果表明:水泥浆液注入后,模型视电阻率较注浆前明显降低,当注浆后视电阻率降低幅度大于等于15%时,注浆效果较好。模型注浆后的合理检测时间为注浆完7天后。现场检测试验基本能够验证模型试验结论,但现场检测试验受地下水位的影响较大,会造成局部评判失真。     

基于改进算法的HJ-1气溶胶厚度反演研究

提出了在HJ-1 CCD自带卫星观测角度数据的基础上,结合卫星自带几何解算参数推算连续像元的太阳天顶角、方位角,并将原始卫星观测角度、推算几何角度数据生成对应四波段合成数据的改进算法,以提高反演数据的精度.结合Kaufman暗目标法和改进算法后对应连续像元几何数据的6S模型调用表,对南宁市中心城区2018年8月、9月、...     

大容量气枪震源长江定点激发信号检测

地学长江计划“安徽段实验”是大容量气枪震源在长江的首次激发。本文针对布设在气枪固定激发点附近的流动台和周边固定台接收到的气枪信号进行线性叠加分析近场和远场信号的时频特性,利用叠加结果检测气枪信号的传播特性,分析不同环境因素对信号传播距离的影响。结果表明：①近岸首台可以接收到清晰的压力脉冲、气泡脉冲的体波和面波信号;②气枪信号主频为5Hz左右,随震中距的增加,压力脉冲信号衰减很快,信号主频频带变窄;③对信号传播距离进行初步检测,最近的传播距离为180km,最远共有3个激发点传播达到260km,夜晚激发信号传播距离较远。     

GPS静态观测中数据质量实时检测

在分析观测数据解码以及观测数据质量指标的基础上编制软件,对采集到的原始GPS观测数据进行解码与多路径效应、周跳等质量指标的分析计算,并对质量指标进行直观、实时的图形显示。介绍所写软件在工程实践中的应用,并与TEQC软件进行比较,证明了软件的正确性和可靠性。     

基于MSC1210的水质快速检测仪

文章介绍了一种用于野外污染调查的水质快速检测系统,可以检测温度、pH值、溶解氧和氟离子四个参数。该系统的微处理器选用功能强大并自带24位A/D转换器的单片机MSC1210。文中给出了实现该仪器功能的硬件设计、软件模块框图以及部分程序流程图。该系统具有响应速度快、处理能力强、精度高、功耗低等优点。现场使用表明该仪器运行稳定、可靠。     

岩土体注浆技术初探及展望

从我国注浆技术的发展入手,详细地分析和评述了岩土体注浆技术的关键问题：注浆材料及浆液、注浆参数确定、注浆方法、注浆工艺、注浆监控与检测等的研究方法和现状,结合具体的工程实例,对涉及的技术难题进行了归纳和总结;同时,针对目前岩土体注浆技术存在的一些不足之处,提出了研究思路和展望。