Incidence, reflection and transmission angles in anisotropic media

IntroductionGenerallyspeaking,theinclusionofanisotropy(exceptdeclaration,anisotropyreferstohomogenousanisotropy)rendersthemathematicalformulationquitecomplicated.Snell'Slawisnotanexceptionandthecalculationofreflectionandtransmissionanglesisnotatrivialtask.ThegraphicalapproachestocalculatingreflectionandtransmissionanglesforanisotropicmediawerepresentedbyAuld(1973)andRokhlin,etal(1986).DaleyandHorn(1977,1979)andSlawinski(1996)deriveSnell'slawintheparticularcasesoftransverselyisotropicandelli…     

从正反两个角度探讨摆式波力电站的吸能机制

本文主要论述了摆式波力电站的吸能机制,提出了吸能原理,从力和作功的角度探讨了吸能的实质,分析比较了几种摆板运动方程形式之间的联系和区别。给出了波能转换效率的定义,并进一步分析了波能转换效率的组成和性质。     

Aliphatic biomarker signatures of early Oligocene-early Miocene source rocks in the central Qiongdongnan Basin: Source analyses of organic matter

The geochemical signatures of fifty-four rock samples and three supplementary drill stem test(DST) oils from the Yacheng-Sanya formations in the central Qiongdongnan Basin(CQB) were analysed. Reconstruction of the early Oligocene-early Miocene(36–16 Ma) palaeovegetation and source analyses of organic matter(OM) were conducted using aliphatic biomarkers in ancient sediments and DST oils. Both the interpreted aquatic and terrigenous OM contributed to the CQB source rocks(SRs) but had varying relat...     

中国湖泊综合分类原则、级别划分及分类程序之初探

在略述了国内外湖泊分类研究现状的基础上,探讨了开展我国湖泊综合分类的原则、级别划分以及综合分类所应该遵循的程序。主导因素与综合因素相结合,建立分类的主导标志,是湖泊综合分类系统中高层次分类的关键;区域相似性（相对一致性）与差异性的对比分析是低层次分类的重要环节。在此基础上,还应充分考虑到人类经济活动的方式与强度对湖泊诸自然因素的影响,以便使湖泊综合分类工作既具有理论上的意义,同时又具有实用价值。级     

龙门山断裂带上“破裂空段”的发震概率研究

本文采用分层粘弹性介质模型计算了汶川地震对芦山震中产生的库仑应力加载的影响,进而结合Dieterich(1994)提出的速率状态摩擦定律给出芦山附近区域6级地震累积发震概率随时间的变化。结果显示,2013年芦山7.0级地震时其累积发震概率达18%,说明汶川地震产生的应力扰动加速了芦山地震的发生。本文还计算了汶川、芦山2次地震对其间"破裂空段"处产生的累积库仑应力扰动的影响,结合背景地震发生率,给出了"破裂空段"处6级地震累积发震概率变化。虽然计算结果可能受到大邑地震、介质模型参数的选取和背景地震发生概率等因素影响而存在一定误差,但"破裂空段"在2次强震应力加载下累积发震概率是不断增大的,因此我们认为"破裂空段"处发生中强地震的紧迫性不断增强。     

Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.     

2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震后地质灾害发育分布特征

2014年云南鲁甸“8·03”M_S6.5地震造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失,诱发了大量滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害。基于对鲁甸县龙头山幅（G48E006006）地质灾害调查数据和对典型地质灾害的剖析,震后地质灾害发育分布有特征如下：（1）震后地质灾害较震前成倍增长,震前地质灾害多以中小型浅层崩滑为主,地震诱发了诸如甘家寨、红石岩等大型—特大型滑坡、崩塌,大量沟谷崩滑堆积物为泥石流储备了丰富的物源;（2）震中高烈度区域地质灾害密度大,沿发震断裂带NNE—NE向构造密集发育,震中区龙头山镇地质灾害发育最为集中;（3）地质灾害呈带状分布,明显受控于河流水系（牛栏江、沙坝河、龙泉河等）、公路（昭巧二级公路、沙乐公路）等线性地貌单元和线性工程,人类活动影响明显。     

改进型数据加窗法的高程粗差剔除研究

利用摆动式单波束探测水下微地形时,因掠射角、底质特性等因素对回波信号的影响,导致数字高程粗差产生。本文根据摆动式单波束的探测原理和工作特点,对多波束测量中的数据加窗法进行改进:将回波能量作为探测点的内在属性参与确定起始加窗点;加窗点采用实测点,并要求起始加窗点尽可能靠近整条测线上实测点的高程均值。由此提高了高程粗差剔除的准确性。在实际应用中,随机微地形的高程粗差被成功剔除。     

桂西北林旺金矿床构造控矿规律及成矿模式探讨

桂西北林旺金矿是近年来右江盆地新发现的卡林型金矿,位于乐业碳酸盐台地边缘乐业-浪全同生断裂带上。通过对矿区进行野外调查、岩矿鉴定并结合勘探成果进行综合研究,发现I号矿体群与断裂、褶皱的时空联系具有构造分带的特征,以F1断层为界,上盘褶皱鞍部发育石英杂砂岩夹粉砂质泥岩矿体,矿体近F1断层破碎带部位发育破碎的硅化构造岩带,F1下盘近破碎带部位发育强烈劈理化、炭化粉砂质泥岩带,指示矿区在印支期挤压过程中,石英杂砂岩顺着先存构造薄弱面以泥岩层为滑动系统,往上部逆冲并逐渐发生褶皱,产生许多张裂隙,成为成矿流体富集的场所。林旺金矿床是层滑-褶皱构造体系与成矿流体耦合作用的产物,分析了矿床构造成矿规律,提出了以层滑-褶皱运动机制为基础的成矿模式以及成矿远景。     

临沂市城区岩溶塌陷特征及成因分析

自20世纪80年代以来,临沂市城区一带发生多起岩溶塌陷,这些岩溶塌陷发生具有突发性、重复性,其分布具有一定的规律性;其形成原因一方面取决于该区具备岩溶塌陷形成的物质基础条件,另一方面取决于水动力条件的改变,而水动力条件的改变主要是由于城区地下水不合理开采造成的。