Characterization of the Karababa-C reservoir in the South Karaku oilfield, southeast Turkey

The South Karaku oil field is located in southeast Turkey, and produces, from the Late Cretaceous Mardin Group, carbonate reservoirs consisting of the Karababa, Derdere, Sabunsuyu and Areban Formations. The Karababa Formation is divided into three members, of which the productive Karababa-C member, discussed here, is composed of shallow marine bioclastic mudstone to wackestone. It is affected by early to late diagenetic processes that caused modification of the original pore system by cementation, dissolution and fracturing. Two petrophysical-petrologic facies can be discriminated by principal component analysis, and linear, multiple and stepwise multiple regression analysis of petrophysical data. These correspond to vuggy-moldic porosity and microporosity dominated reservoirs.     

固壁紊流流速分布指数型公式和阻力规律——(Ⅱ)过渡区

基于相似理论中的不完全自相似假设,研究了固壁紊流流速分布的结构型式。通过对壁面紊流结构的分析,进而给出了固壁紊流包括光滑区、过渡区和粗糙区在内的统一的指数型流速分布公式和阻力规律,并用尼库拉兹的实验资料作了验证。     

Power Law Distribution of Broadband Radiated Energy for Global Seismicity

The claim that there exists a transition of earthquake energy distribution between small and large earthquakes is checked using broadband radiated energy of earthquakes for global seismicity. Scattering of the relation between the magnitude and the broadband radiated energy makes it necessary to use the energy data directly. Rank-ordering statistics is applied to enhance the resolution in retrieving the power law distribution with undersampled data, namely, a few tens of events. Seen in the perspective of broadband radiated energy with higher resolution, there is no evidence for the kink in the frequency-energy distribution for large and small earthquakes. Instead, a single power law can well explain the data. For earthquakes with energy larger than 10~(14) J, we find that the number N of events with energy E depends on E via N ∝ E-B, with the scaling constant B = 0.64 ± 0.04, corresponding to b = 0.95± 0.06.     

发展矿业 重振地勘经济

进入市场经济,地勘单位要生存和发展,必须充分发挥地勘行业自身优势,走兴办矿业经济之路,应抓住当前的机遇,开发市场紧销矿产品,要用好矿权,采用多种模式,多渠道吸引社会资金,减少投资风险,争取最高效益,同时要十分重视整理和利用积累的地质资料,为兴办矿业提供必要的科学依据。     

金属矿物的反应动力学与地球化学意义

概述了动力学实验的技术方法和金属矿物的反应动力学研究进展。动力学实验使用的三种基本化学反应装置是间歇反应器（ＢＲ）、活塞流反应器（ＰＦＲ）和混合流反应器（ＭＦＲ）,确定速率定律的数学方法包括积分法、微分法和混合法,以微分法中的初始速率法应用最广。目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理,发现：（１）酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Ｆｅ３＋和Ｏ２浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制;（２）低于３００℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核,而需初始地通过ＦｅＳ先驱物的硫化生成,ＦｅＳ与Ｈ２Ｓ反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级;（３）磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Ｃｕ２＋反应均可形成黄铜矿,前者经历了一系列准稳的Ｃｕ Ｆｅ硫化物的中间物,后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制;（４）酸性ｐＨ时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型（ＳＣＭ）来描述。有关动力学实验成果完善和深化了对矿床中黄铁矿、黄铜矿的形成机理和风化壳中磁铁矿的稳定性等方面的认识。将来的实验研究将向更多的金属矿物和高温高压领域发展。     

生物中碳氢化合物的结晶(英文)

生物和矿物体系的结构、功能和演化的比较分析与生物有机体中生命矿物的功能令人对生物世界矿物根的存在产生了怀疑。文章提出,应在非生物成因有序碳氢分子体系（硬沥青）中寻找前生物信息结构、基因之祖和原生有机体。前生物有机体的理想模型是纤维状黄绿蛭石,它是按照ＶＬＳ机制在伟晶岩的孔洞中结晶出来的,其形态、结构和成分与生物有机体十分相似。生命世界不是矿物世界转化的产物。生命世界和矿物世界都有共同的来源———非紧密离子分子体系,在该体系中,它们相互和谐作用,以不同的结晶机理发生和发展。生命作为统一的整体,作为复杂碳氢体系结晶作用的完整结果产生和演化,而不是偶然事件巧合或不同成因组分结合的结果。矿物和生物有机体的演化受控于共同的个体发生律。根据纤维状黄绿蛭石晶体的研究而提出的晶质原生有机体模型,消除了在创立统一的自然发生论概念（结构组织、大分子集合、继承机理、手性选择等等）方面的主要分歧和障碍。这就使把解决生命起源问题带入实验模拟层次成为现实     

关于提高铜陵地区地质找矿的几点认识

铜陵地区虽然矿产资源丰富,成矿条件良好,但目前找矿的难度越来越大。笔者认为,要提高铜陵地区地质找矿的效果,就要根据本区的成矿规律,开展综合地质找矿,要进一步研究各矿田（床）的地质特征,继续提高铜陵地区的地质研究程度,充分运用现代成矿学新理论指导找矿,并大胆的用探矿工程加以验证。     

Mössbauer effect study of anapaite, Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O, and of its oxidation products

Mössbauer spectra (MS) of anapaite (Ca₂ Fe²⁺(PO₄)₂?·?4H₂O) and of a sample after being immersed in a 4% H₂O₂ solution at room temperature (RT) over 12 days (hereafter an4ox) were collected at temperatures in the range 4.2 to 420?K and 11 to 300?K respectively. All MS consist of symmetrical doublets, hence magnetic ordering was not observed. The temperature dependencies of the Fe²⁺ centre shifts of anapaite and an4ox were analysed with the Debye model for the lattice vibrations. The characteristic Mössbauer temperatures were found as 370?K?±?25?K and 340?K?±?25?K, and the intrinsic isomer shifts as 1.427?±?0.005?mm/s and 1.418?±?0.005?mm/s respectively. From the external-field (60?kOe) MS recorded at 4.2 and 189?K for the non-treated sample, the principal component V _zz of the electric field gradient (EFG) is determined to be positive and the asymmetry parameter η?≈?0.2 and 0.4 respectively. The temperature variations of the quadrupole splittings, ΔE _Q(T), cannot be interpreted on the basis of the thermal population of the ⁵ D electronic levels resulting from the tetragonal compression of the O₆ co-ordination. The low-temperature linear behaviour of ΔE _Q(T) is attributed to a strong orbit-lattice coupling. A field of 60 kOe applied to anapaite at 4.2?K produces magnetic hyperfine splitting with effective hyperfine fields of ?136, ?254 and ?171?kOe along the principal axes Ox, Oy and Oz of the EFG tensor respectively. Additional oxidation treatments in solutions with various H₂O₂ concentrations up to 20% and subsequent Mössbauer experiments at room temperature, have revealed that the anapaite structure is not sensitive to oxidation since eventually only a small amount of Fe²⁺ (～6.5%) is converted into Fe³⁺.     

57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of tektites

Tektite glasses are investigated using ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Room temperature spectra analysis is performed using two complementary analytical methods based on two-dimensional distributions of both isomer shift and quadrupole splitting. No a priori correlation between the two hyperfine parameters is considered. The first method, based on a shape independent distribution, provides the justification for the Gaussian distribution shape used in the second method. No ferric iron contribution is evidenced by Mössbauer spectra analysis in these samples, although several criteria are used. Ferrous iron sites are shown to be continuously distributed between four- and five-fold co-ordinated sites.     

伽玛能谱参数与金矿找矿

γ能谱测量方法是一种简便、有效、快速的间接找金的方法,不同类型的金矿其伽玛能谱特征并不相同。与深成脉岩活动有关的脉状金矿,具有明显的伽玛能谱Ｋ／Ｕ参数异常;与中浅成中酸性侵入发杂岩体有关的金矿,具有Ｋ／Ｕ,Ｋ／Ｔｈ参数正异常;而与浅成－超玫成偏碱性杂岩体有关的隐爆角砾岩型金矿,则具有一致的Ｕ,Ｔｈ,Ｋ及Ｆ参数正异常。本介绍了在山东东部乳山地区及临沂西部地区,利用没的伽玛能谱参数进行不同类型的金矿