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1.
2.
We report three new or updated techniques for probing the parameters of active galaxies based on the masses of their central
black holes MBH). First, we derived a near-IR analog of the bulge luminosity versus MBH relationship. The low scatter makes it a promising new tool to study the black hole demographics. Next, we present relations
between MBH and the10 μm and 2-10 keV nuclear luminosity. They may help to study the MBH evolution over wide redshift ranges. Finally, we measured MBH in quasars from z ∼ 3.4 to z ∼ 0.3 to search directly for MBH growth. Surprisingly, we found no evidence for growth implying that the majority of quasar host galaxies have undergone their
last major merger at z ≥ 3.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
The emergence of artificial neural network (ANN) technology has provided many promising results in the field of hydrology and water resources simulation. However, one of the major criticisms of ANN hydrologic models is that they do not consider/explain the underlying physical processes in a watershed, resulting in them being labelled as black‐box models. This paper discusses a research study conducted in order to examine whether or not the physical processes in a watershed are inherent in a trained ANN rainfall‐runoff model. The investigation is based on analysing definite statistical measures of strength of relationship between the disintegrated hidden neuron responses of an ANN model and its input variables, as well as various deterministic components of a conceptual rainfall‐runoff model. The approach is illustrated by presenting a case study for the Kentucky River watershed. The results suggest that the distributed structure of the ANN is able to capture certain physical behaviour of the rainfall‐runoff process. The results demonstrate that the hidden neurons in the ANN rainfall‐runoff model approximate various components of the hydrologic system, such as infiltration, base flow, and delayed and quick surface flow, etc., and represent the rising limb and different portions of the falling limb of a flow hydrograph. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
The lensing properties of the Plummer model with a central point mass and external shear are derived, including the image multiplicities, critical curves and caustics. This provides a simple model for a flattened galaxy with a central supermassive black hole. For the Plummer model with black hole, the maximum number of images is four, provided the black hole mass is less than an upper bound which is calculated analytically. This introduces a method to constrain black hole masses by counting images, thus applicable at cosmological distance. With shear, the maximum number of images is six and we illustrate the occurrence of an astroid caustic and two metamorphoses. 相似文献
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We present the results of our analysis of the RXTE observations for two transient sources, IGR J17091-3624 and IGR J18539+0727, in April 2003. The derived energy spectra of the sources and the power-density spectra of their light curves make it possible to classify them as low/hard-state X-ray binaries. The parameters of the power spectrum for IGR J18539+0727 lead us to tentatively conclude that the compact object in this binary is a black hole. 相似文献
8.
M. G. Revnivtsev 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(6):383-386
Analysis of the RXTE slew data in October 1996 revealed a weak X-ray burst from the millisecond pulsar SAX J 1808.4-3658. The 3–20-keV energy spectrum of the source can be described by a power law with an index of 2.0 and a(3-to 20 keV) luminosity of ~1.4×1035 erg s?1 (the distance to the source was taken to be 2.5 kpc). Because of the short exposure time, we failed to detect weak pulsations at a frequency of 401 Hz in the source. The (2σ) upper limit of the pulse fraction is ~13%. 相似文献
9.
R. K. Manchanda 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2001,22(2-3):145-154
Spectral measurement of Mkn 421 were made in the hard X-ray energy band of 20–200 keV using a high sensitivity, large area
scintillation counter telescope on November 21, 2000 and these coincided with the onset of an active X-ray phase as seen in
the ASM counting rates on board RXTE. The observed spectrum can not be fitted to a single power law similar to the PDS data
of BeppoSAX. The data can be fitted both by a two component power-law function or a combination of an exponential function
with a power law component at the high energies above 80 keV. We identify these components with those arising from the synchrotron
self compton and the high energy power-law tail arising from the upgrading of the thermal photons due to multiple Compton
scattering a la Cyg X-1. A comparison with the earlier data clearly suggests a spectral variability in the hard X-ray spectrum
of the source. We propose a continuously flaring geometry for the source as the underlying mechanism for energy release. 相似文献
10.
Bo PENG Shurong XIE Meilian XIAO Zhi SONG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):85-86
The black shale formed under anoxic conditions usually contains high concentrations of many metals. Weathering of such black shale might cause the emission of many metals. Moreover, soils derived from black shale (SBS) are believed to be affected by black shale weathering. In recent years, many studies such as Lee et al. (2002), Woo et al. (2002), Fang et al. (2002), Pasava et al. (2003), and Peng et al. (2004) have approached the heavy metal contaminations of SBS, but systematical geochemical study is rare. Presently, the SBS and its corresponding black shales (CBS) were both sampled from central Hunan (China), and analyzed for a large number of elements, using an Elan6000 ICP-MS/AES machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS. In this paper, some preliminary results are reported. The analytical results show that the SBS in central Hunan contains very high concentrations of heavy metals such as Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Zn, U, Th, Sb, T1, Cd, Cr, Sc, V, Sn, As, Se, and Ni. 相似文献